【正文】 柱下條基，可節(jié)約大量的砼，并可降低埋深減少土方開(kāi)挖，相比可節(jié)約投資 20 多萬(wàn)元；某兩幢功能、結(jié)構(gòu)、面積、基礎(chǔ)形式均相近的綜合樓，其中一幢因考慮立面效果設(shè)置了多處裝飾柱及裝飾線條，致使該部分費(fèi)用相差 10 多萬(wàn)元，真可謂是筆下一條線，投資花萬(wàn)千擾。 First, optimize the design of the impact of construction investment 一、優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)對(duì)建設(shè)投資的影響 a direct impact on investment Construction process including project decisionmaking, project design and implementation of the project three major stages. Investment in control of the key decisionmaking and the design stage, and make investment decisions in the project, its key is the design. According to the research analysis, design fee, generally speaking, only the equivalent of construction project lifecycle cost of 1% or less, but it is this less than 1% of the cost of investment is as high as 75% more than single project design, its architecture and structure of the program the selection and choice of building materials have a greater impact on investment, such as building programs in the layout for the gallerystyle inside ３ or outside the gallerystyle, into the deep with room identification, vertical forms of selection, layer identification of highand lowrise , choose the type of foundation, structural forms of selection are the existence of technoeconomic analysis problem. According to statistics, in the same functionality to meet the conditions, technical and economic rational design, can reduce the project cost 5% ~ 10% or even up to 10% ~ 20%, such as a radio factory plant multistorey frame structure (4 layers) design unit in accordance with conventional design as an independent foundation, because of the larger multistorey factory loads, with the result that independent of the basic monomer of a larger size, deeper depth (), after analysis by other designers such as the use of strip foundation under column can save a lot of concrete and reduces the depth of reduction of earth excavation, pared with savings of more than 20 million investment。從目前的投資控制來(lái)看，通過(guò)對(duì)項(xiàng)目建議書和可行性研究階段投資估算的審批和項(xiàng)目法人負(fù)責(zé)制的實(shí)行，投資規(guī)模得到了有效控制，象以前那種投資無(wú)底洞，工期馬拉松的現(xiàn)象已基本杜絕。就工 程項(xiàng)目建設(shè)而言，投資控制貫穿于項(xiàng)目建設(shè)的全過(guò)程。但如何通過(guò)優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)來(lái)有效控制投資 ，尚 未得到廣泛重視。據(jù)研究分析，設(shè)計(jì)費(fèi)一般只相當(dāng)于建設(shè)工程全壽命費(fèi)用的 1%以下，但正是這少于 1%的費(fèi)用對(duì)投資的影響卻高達(dá) 75%以上，單項(xiàng)工程設(shè)計(jì)中，其建筑和結(jié)構(gòu)方案的選擇及建筑材料的選用對(duì)投資又有較大影響，如建筑方案中的平面布置為內(nèi)廊式還是外廊式、進(jìn)深與開(kāi)間的確定、立面形式的選擇、層高與層數(shù)的確定、基礎(chǔ)類型選用、結(jié)構(gòu)形式選擇等都存在著技術(shù)經(jīng)濟(jì)分析問(wèn)題。s Ningbo Bridge accident in this area is a typical example. 據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)，在工程質(zhì)量事故的眾多原因中，設(shè)計(jì)責(zé)任多數(shù)占 %，居第一位。 Second, optimizing the design of the operation of the causes of difficult 二、 優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)運(yùn)作困難的成因 department director of the Optimal Design of monitoring ineffective A long time, developed a design of owner responsibility, design quality and design units to guard the pass from the concept of the design department director the results of a lack of the necessary assessment and evaluation, and some drawings joint hearing alone to find some simple questions that only such a major technical issues to e to be held accountable, while the program is the economic question, and even less. In addition, the design of market management is not enough leapfrog, undocumented, anchored the design have occurred, resulting in a decline in the quality design, coupled with the design work because of the particularity of different projects have their own characteristics, so for different projects designed to optimize the oute of the lack of specific qualitative assessment indicators. 長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)，形成了一種設(shè)計(jì)對(duì)業(yè)主負(fù)責(zé)，設(shè)計(jì)質(zhì)量由設(shè)計(jì)單位自行把關(guān)的觀念，主管部門對(duì) 設(shè)計(jì)成果缺乏必要的考核與評(píng)價(jià)，有的僅靠圖紙會(huì)審來(lái)發(fā)現(xiàn)一些簡(jiǎn)單問(wèn)題，只有等出現(xiàn)了大 的技術(shù)問(wèn)題才來(lái)追究責(zé)任，而方案的經(jīng)濟(jì)性則問(wèn)及更少。 are three owners of expertise because of the restrictions on the design difficult to optimize the disturbance from the point of view of the request or doubt。有些項(xiàng)目設(shè)計(jì)雖通過(guò)招投標(biāo)，但此時(shí)方案不細(xì)， 概算粗略，很難來(lái)綜合評(píng)定；三是業(yè)主由于專業(yè)知識(shí)上的限制，對(duì)設(shè)計(jì)方案難以從優(yōu)化擾的角度提出要求或疑義；四是有些業(yè)主經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)力雄厚擾，項(xiàng)目建設(shè)趕時(shí)髦，求新穎，根本不提優(yōu)化要求；五是有些業(yè)主自身對(duì)工程應(yīng)具備的功能要求及應(yīng)達(dá)到的目標(biāo)不明確，隨意性 大，要求出圖時(shí)間緊，又壓低設(shè)計(jì)收費(fèi)，從而也影響了優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)的開(kāi)展。 化設(shè)計(jì)運(yùn)行的機(jī)制不夠完善 . Designed to optimize the