【正文】 an effort to enhance their immune functioning. This was helped along by their knowing much more about the world than younger adults, so they can deal with some of the unpleasant things in life more easily.（1）According to Robert Trivers, when our body needs extra energy, ______. A. When our ancestors needed more energy than usual, perhaps while being chased by a tiger, they had to get that energy from somewhere in the body. Could they borrow it from the brain? That organ uses 20 percent of our metabolic (新陳代謝) output, whether we are solving math problems or watching television reruns. Due to this constant energy requirement, borrowing energy from the brain when our need surpasses the available supply is not an option. Perhaps we could borrow energy from our muscles. Because we use far more muscle energy when we are active than when at rest, in principle, we could borrow energy when we are sitting. But the problem is that most of the energydemanding emergencies of our ancestors required a muscular response. There was no way to borrow energy from our muscles during an emergency because relaxing when a tiger showed up was not an effective response. This brings us to our immune system, which, when strong, protects us from many illnesses and diseases. Like the brain, the immune system works at great metabolic cost, but largely in the service of keeping us healthy in the future. We have an enormous number of immune cells coursing through our body, a momentary break from production is fine. So, when our body needs extra energy, one of the places it goes is our immune function. When you39。 Studies show that older people tend to remember the positive things in life rather than the negative things, while younger people remember the positive and negative equally well. The dominant psychological theory to explain this is that older people are aware of their limited time left, so they prioritize positive emotional experiences. But about a decade ago, I worked with biologist Robert Trivers on his idea that there was an evolutionary basis for older people39。 【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解和主旨大意兩個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇科研類(lèi)閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確掌握細(xì)節(jié)信息，同時(shí)根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行推理，歸納，從而選出正確答案。 （4）考查主旨大意。故選D。根據(jù)第一段中的“By the age of one, they can recognize the significant noises around them and group them into a language.”可知一歲的嬰兒和成人相比更能識(shí)別出周?chē)闹匾曇?，故選D。language consists of sound and meaning【答案】 （1）D（2）D（3）A（4）C 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，人們一直以來(lái)認(rèn)為語(yǔ)言是思想的產(chǎn)物，但是有新的研究表明飲食對(duì)于語(yǔ)言也會(huì)產(chǎn)生一些影響。. A.enjoying more cooked foodsB.D.B.classify the forms of noisesC. Beyond these particular changes, the story highlights the way in which everything distinctively human is both material and spiritual: speech must bine sound and meaning, and the meaning can39。 Hunter gatherer languages very seldom use the sounds known as labiodentals (唇齒音)－those such as f and v－that are made by touching the lower lip with the upper teeth. Only two of the hundreds of Australian aboriginal languages use them, for example. But in cultures that have discovered farming, these consonants (輔音) are much more mon. The argument goes that farmers eat more cooked food and more dairy than hunter gatherers. Either way, they need to chew mush less, and to bite less with their front teeth. So farmers grew up with smaller lower jaws and more of an overbite than their ancestors who had to bite through harder foods. It became easier for them to make the labiodental consonants instead of purely labial (唇音) ones: one example is that f e to take the place of p. Romans said pater but English speakers (unless they39。d rather think of language as product of our thought Babies have an astonishing talent that adults entirely lose. By the age of one, they can recognise the significant noises around them and group them into a language. When we have lost this capacity as adults, it bees enormously difficult to distinguish between sounds that are glaringly different to a native speaker. It all sounds Greek to us. This is because the range of possible sounds that humans use to convey meaning may be as high as 2,000, but few languages use more than 100 and even then the significant noises－the phonemes (音素) of a language－each cover a range of sounds and so vague distinctions which would change the meaning of a word in other languages. 【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及詞義猜測(cè)和推理判斷兩個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇科研類(lèi)閱讀，考生需要根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，從而選出正確答案。re made more aware of the issue. 所以盡管東京奧運(yùn)會(huì)的提議只是杯水車(chē)薪，這是一個(gè)很好的開(kāi)始，展示了如果公眾對(duì)這個(gè)問(wèn)題有了更多的認(rèn)識(shí)，他們能做些什么。 in the homestretch 固定短語(yǔ)，“最后關(guān)頭”，故選C。根據(jù)第三段中的 In a period of about 18 months, a little over 5 million smartphones were collected thanks to cooperation with NTT DOCOMO. 在大約18個(gè)月的時(shí)間里，由于與NTT Doo的合作，收集了500多萬(wàn)部智能手機(jī)，故選D。C.NegativeIt encourages the public39。hard search（3）What influence does the Tokyo Olympics initiative have? A.NTT DOCOMO contributed to the success of the project.（2）Which can best replace the underlined word homestretch in Paragraph 2? A.re made more aware of the issue.（1）What can be learnt about Tokyo Olympics initiative from the passage? A. 【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，推理判斷和主旨大意三個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇科教類(lèi)閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。故選B。根據(jù)第三段中的“According to Sari Nijssen, the study set out to answer the following question:‘ Under what circumstances would adults be willing to sacrifice robots to save human lives?’可知，在這項(xiàng)研究中，參與者可能必須決定何時(shí)犧牲機(jī)器人。 （1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。Robots, A Must for FutureB.Humanized robots offer less help to people.B.where to experience risksC.How to treat them in life.C. According to Sari Nijssen, the study set out to answer the following question: Under what circumstances would adults be willing to sacrifice robots to save human lives? The participants were faced with a hypothetical (假設(shè)的) moral dilemma: Would they be prepared to put a single person at risk in order to save a group of injured persons? In the situations presented the intended victim was eit