【正文】 的變化，計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)的飛速發(fā)展，使各行各業(yè)在計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)應(yīng)用方面得到了廣泛的普及和使用。 圖書租借的設(shè)計(jì)分析 根據(jù)實(shí)際情況，我們使用原型法（ Rapid Prototyping）即以少量代價快速地構(gòu)造一個可執(zhí)行的軟件系統(tǒng)模型。 （ 2）目錄廳主要負(fù)責(zé)讀者查詢工作，包括可借圖書租借（按圖書租借類別、圖書租借名稱或圖書租借作者查詢）；新書目錄（按圖書租借類別、日期查詢）；借書情況（按讀者借書證號查詢） （ 3）借閱組主要負(fù)責(zé)圖書租借流通、查詢統(tǒng)計(jì)、借閱查詢等工作。 （ 5）圖書租借管理員把借書卡保存到寫有該讀者借書證號的口袋里。 2． 3 解決方案 基于以上的對問題的分析，利用計(jì)算機(jī)給我們提供信息，及時地調(diào)整圖書館圖書租借結(jié)構(gòu)，并且對借閱人員的借閱過程形成一整套動態(tài)的管理就十分必要了。 這四個方面形成了圖書館一個工作整體，采用計(jì)算機(jī)自動化信息處理，可方便快捷地共享信息、交流信息，高效地 協(xié)同工作。 2． 4 可行性分析 通過對該圖書館的各個方面進(jìn)行了具體的了解之后，現(xiàn)對該單位開發(fā)圖書租借管理系統(tǒng)的可行性進(jìn)行分析。 管理上可行：該圖書館有很多的管理體制，每位借書人均有借書證，同時圖書館還為每位借書人建立了檔案。系統(tǒng)輸入繁瑣，極易產(chǎn)生輸入錯誤，缺少智能化輸入功能，如：圖書名稱輸入過程中，單位名稱和單位代碼不能夠相互協(xié)調(diào)，易產(chǎn)生不匹配現(xiàn)象。該系統(tǒng)已不能滿足多個人員對數(shù)據(jù)的索取；如副科長管理計(jì)算機(jī)，則科長就不能在自己的辦公室中查看資料。 應(yīng)用需求分析 對圖書借閱者、圖書租借進(jìn)行管理和維護(hù)，及系統(tǒng)狀態(tài)的查看、維護(hù)并生成催還圖書租借報(bào)表。 圖書租借管理系統(tǒng)功能的信息量大，數(shù)據(jù)安全性和保密性要求最高。將概念設(shè)計(jì)從設(shè)計(jì)過程中獨(dú)立開來，使各階段的任務(wù)相對單一化，設(shè)計(jì)復(fù)雜程度大大降低，不受特定 DBMS的限制。 1)確定公共實(shí)體類型 為了給多個局部 ER模式的合并提供開始合并的基礎(chǔ)，首先要確定各局部結(jié)構(gòu)中的公共實(shí)體類型。 第四章 開發(fā)工具與數(shù)據(jù)庫選擇 現(xiàn)在，市場上可以選購的應(yīng)用開發(fā)產(chǎn)品很多，流行的也有數(shù)十種。數(shù)據(jù)庫是 MIS 中的重要支持技術(shù)，在 MIS 開發(fā)過程 中，如何選擇數(shù)據(jù)庫管理是一個重要的問題，目前，數(shù)據(jù)庫產(chǎn)品較多，每種產(chǎn)品都具有各自的特點(diǎn)和適用范圍，因此，在選擇數(shù)據(jù)庫時，應(yīng)考慮數(shù)據(jù)庫應(yīng)用的特點(diǎn)及適用范圍，本系統(tǒng)選用的數(shù)據(jù)庫語言 Visual Basic 語言，該開發(fā)工具具有很多長處： Visual Basic 是一種可視化的、面對對象和條用事件驅(qū)動方式的結(jié)構(gòu)化高級程序設(shè)計(jì)，可用于開發(fā) Windows 環(huán)境下的種類應(yīng)用程序。如果對界 面的效果不滿意，還要回到程序中修改。 Visual Basic 自動產(chǎn)生界面設(shè)計(jì)代碼，程序設(shè)計(jì)人員只需要編寫實(shí)現(xiàn)程序功能的那部分代碼，從而可以大大提高程序設(shè)計(jì)的效率。每個對象以圖形方式顯示在界面上，都是可視的。在設(shè)計(jì) Visual Basic 程序的過程中，隨時可以運(yùn)行程序，而在整個程序設(shè)計(jì)好之后，可以編譯生成 可執(zhí)行文件 (.EXE)，脫離 Visual Basic 環(huán)境，直接在 Windows 環(huán)境下運(yùn)行。 在用 Visual Basic 設(shè)計(jì)大型應(yīng)用軟件時，不必建立具有明顯開始和結(jié)束的程序，而是編寫若干個微小的子程序，即過程。 Visual Basic 提供 開放式數(shù)據(jù)連接，即 ODBC 功能，可通過直接訪問或建立連接的方式使用并操作后臺大型網(wǎng)絡(luò)數(shù)據(jù)庫，如 SQL Server， Oracle 等。 Visual Basic 提供了動態(tài)數(shù)據(jù)交換的編程技術(shù)，可以在應(yīng)用程序中與其他 Windows 應(yīng)用程序建立動態(tài)數(shù)據(jù)交換，在不同的應(yīng)用程序之間進(jìn)行通信。 動態(tài)鏈接庫 (DLL) Visual Basic是一種高級程序設(shè)計(jì)語言，不具備低級語言的功能，對訪問機(jī)器硬件的操作不太容易實(shí)現(xiàn)。 Access 的優(yōu)點(diǎn)在于它能使用數(shù)據(jù)表示圖或自定義窗體收集信息。 Access 是一種關(guān)系數(shù)據(jù)庫工具，關(guān)系數(shù)據(jù)庫是已開發(fā)的最通用的數(shù)據(jù)庫之一。 DATA 控件在數(shù)據(jù)庫中的信息與將信息顯示給用戶看的 Visual Basic程序之間架起了一座橋梁。 DATA控件還提供了用來瀏覽不同記錄的各種跳轉(zhuǎn)按鈕。數(shù)據(jù)庫技術(shù)能使 Inter 應(yīng)用超越具有早期應(yīng)用特點(diǎn)的簡單的發(fā)布。 數(shù)據(jù)庫的設(shè)計(jì)和開發(fā)及包括藝術(shù)有包括工程。經(jīng)典的數(shù)據(jù)庫應(yīng)用涉及諸如訂單、顧客、工作、員工、學(xué)生、電話之類的項(xiàng)，或其它數(shù)據(jù)量較大、需要密切關(guān)注的事務(wù)。存儲器的容量、存儲速率直接影響到數(shù)據(jù)管理技術(shù)的發(fā)展。數(shù)據(jù)管理是指數(shù)據(jù)的收集、整理、組織 、存儲、維護(hù)、檢索、傳送等操作，這部分操作是數(shù)據(jù)處理業(yè)務(wù)的基本環(huán)節(jié)，而且是任何數(shù)據(jù)處理業(yè)務(wù)中必不可少的共有部分。同時合理的數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)也將有利于程序的實(shí)現(xiàn)。這些就新建了一個數(shù)據(jù)庫文件。 在下面的對話框中選 ” 使用設(shè)計(jì)器創(chuàng)建表 ” ，上面 還有三個按鈕，一個是打開，一個是設(shè)計(jì)，一個是新建，點(diǎn)擊設(shè)計(jì)，就可以開始設(shè)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)表了。連接數(shù)據(jù)庫 Set conn = CreateObject() 39。設(shè)置數(shù)據(jù)的路徑 Provider=。設(shè)置數(shù)據(jù)庫對像 End Sub 上面的一段代碼就是連接數(shù)據(jù)庫的。如果聲明在下面，那就成了局部變量，那么作用范圍就會不同了，作用就更不同，而且在其它窗體中使用到了這個變量，程序會出錯。 6. 2. 2管理 會員管理、會員管理、普通讀者管理、注冊會員、刪除會員、修改 會員信息、會員類型設(shè)置，添加書籍、刪除書籍、修改書信息、借閱書籍、歸還書籍，普通讀者登記、修改讀者信息。（因表較多，只列出兩表） 管理員表：用于存放管理員的信息。 對于數(shù)據(jù)的一致性的問題也通過程序進(jìn)行了有效的解決。楊老師認(rèn)真負(fù)責(zé)的工作態(tài)度，嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)闹螌W(xué)精神和深厚的理論水平都使我收益匪淺。 and he made first the Ainur, the Holy Ones, that were the offspring of his thought, and they were with him before aught else was made. And he spoke to them, propounding to them themes of music。Of the theme that I have declared to you, I will now that ye make in harmony together a Great Music. And since I have kindled you with the Flame Imperishable, ye shall show forth your powers in adorning this theme, each with his own thoughts and devices, if he will. But I win sit and hearken, and be glad that through you great beauty has been wakened into song.39。 but some began to attune their music to his rather than to the thought w hich they had at first. Then the discord of Melkor spread ever wider, and the melodies which had been heard before foundered in a sea of turbulent sound. But Il 鷙 atar sat and hearkened until it seemed that about his throne there was a raging storm, as of dark waters that made war one upon another in an endless wrath that would not be assuaged. Then Il 鷙 atar arose, and the Ainur perceived that he smiled。 but it was loud, and vain, and endlessly repeated。 Then the Ainur were afraid, and they did not yet prehend the words that were said to them。 And he showed to them a vision, giving to them sight where before was only hearing。 And many other things Il 鷙 atar spoke to the Ainur at that time, and because of their memory of his words, and the knowledge that each has of the music that he himself made, the Ainur know much of wha t was, and is, and is to e, and few things are unseen by them. Yet some things there are that they cannot see, neither alone nor ta king counsel together。 as who should ta ke the whole field of Arda for the foundation of a pillar and so raise it until the cone of its summit were more bitter than a needle。 and they perceived that they themselves in the labour of their music had been busy with the preparation of this dwelling, and yet knew not that it had any purpose beyond its own beauty. For the Children of Il 鷙 atar were conceived by him alone。Behold your Music! This is your minstrelsy。 and the Ainur followed him. But w hen they were e into the Void, Il 鷙 atar said to them: 39。Mighty are the Ainur, and mightiest among them is Melkor 。 and he lifted up his right hand, and behold! a third theme grew amid the confusion, and it was unlike the others. For it seemed at first soft and sweet, a mere rippling of gentle sounds in delicate melodies。 and a sound arose of endless interchanging melodies woven in harmony that passed beyond hearing into the depths and into the heights, and the places of the dwelling of Il 鷙 atar were filled to overflowing, and the music and the echo of the music went out into the Void, and it was not void. Never since have the A inur made a ny music like to this music, though it has been said that a greater still shall be made before Il鷙 atar by the choirs of the Ainur and the Children of Il 鷙 atar after the end of days. Then the themes of Il鷙 atar shall be played aright, and ta ke Being in the moment of their utterance, for all shall then understand fully his intent in their part, and each shall know the prehension of eac h, and Il 鷙 atar shall give to their thoughts the secret fire, being well pleased. But now Il 鷙 atar sat and hearkened, and for a great while it seemed good to him, for in the music there were no flaws. But as the theme progressed, i