【正文】 project ? Calendars – Identify periods when work is allowed – Project calendars: Affect all resources – Resource calendars: Affect specific resources or categories of resources Schedule Development Source: pmbok guide 2023 169。 2023 RobbinsGioia, Inc. 630 Tools Techniques (con.) ? Mathematical Analysis (cont.) – Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT) – Uses sequential work logic and a weightedaverage duration estimate to calculate duration. Uses the probability of an estimate’s accuracy. ? Resourceleveling heuristics (Resourcebased method) – Changing the schedule to acmodate resources ? PM Software – Used to assist schedule development and to display scheduledevelopment outputs ? Coding structure – Allows for sorting/and/or extractions based on difference attributes assigned to activities Schedule Development Source: pmbok guide 2023 169。 2023 RobbinsGioia, Inc. 634 Network Calculation Calculations Forward Pass – Determine early start and early finish dates Backward Pass – Determine late start and late finish dates and float 0 A B C D E 5 5 10 10 5 Start Date 6/1 6/1 6/5 6/6 6/15 6/6 6/10 6/16 6/25 6/26 6/30 Finish Date 6/30 6/26 6/30 6/16 6/25 6/6 6/15 6/1 6/5 6/11 6/15 5 0 0 0 Schedule Development Source: pmbok guide 2023 169。 2023 RobbinsGioia, Inc. 638 Schedule Control ? Influencing factors that cause schedule changes ? Determining that the schedule has changed and managing the changes Source: pmbok guide 2023 169。 2023 RobbinsGioia, Inc. 641 Tools Techniques ? Schedule change control system – Defines the procedure for changing the project schedule ? Progress measurement (Earned Value) – Assessment of schedule variations to determine whether they require corrective actions ? Additional planning – Prospective changes may require new or revised activity duration estimates, modified activity sequences, or analysis of alternative schedules ? PM software – Useful tool for tracking planned dates against actual dates and for forecasting the effects of schedule changes ? Variance Analysis – paring target dates with actual start and finish dates to detect deviations and implement corrective solutions in case of delays Schedule Control Source: pmbok guide 2023 169。 2023 RobbinsGioia, Inc. 645 Summary ? Review Questions Source: pmbok guide 2023 169。 2023 RobbinsGioia, Inc. 643 Basic Terminology ? Schedule revisions – Changes to the scheduled start and finish dates in the approved (or baselined) schedule Schedule Control Source: pmbok guide 2023 169。 2023 RobbinsGioia, Inc. 640 Inputs ? Project schedule – The approved project schedule is called the schedule baseline。 2023 RobbinsGioia, Inc. 636 Gantt Charts ? Bar chart – Displays activity start and end dates, as well as expected durations ? Milestone chart – Displays scheduled start or pletion of major deliverables ? Combination chart – Displays events and activities as a function of time Schedule Development Source: pmbok guide 2023 169。 2023 RobbinsGioia, Inc. 632 PERT Example Evening Commute Optimistic time = 15 minutes Most likely time = 30 minutes Pessimistic time = 60 minutes What is the Expected Time? Schedule Development Source: pmbok guide 2023 169。 2023 RobbinsGioia, Inc. 628 Tools Techniques ? Mathematical analysis – Calculating theoretical early a