【正文】 制溫度裂縫的技術(shù)措施是什么？ 答：防止混凝土裂縫的措施主要有：①采用中低熱的水泥品種；②降低水泥用量；③合理分縫分塊；④摻加外加料；⑤選擇適宜的骨料；⑥控制混凝土的出機溫度和澆筑溫度；⑦預理水管、通水冷卻，降低混凝土的最高溫升；⑧表面保護、保溫隔熱；⑨采取防止混凝土裂縫的結(jié)構(gòu)措施等。不論采用哪種方法，投測軸線前，都必須在基礎(chǔ)完工后，根據(jù)建筑場地平面控制網(wǎng)先校測軸線控制樁樁位，再將建筑物的周邊軸線及各細部軸線精確地彈測到土 。上行時，螺旋鉆最好反向旋轉(zhuǎn)，且不能停止，以防產(chǎn)生真空，導致柱體墻的坍塌。 第 9 頁 共 11 頁 ⑤型鋼回收前，先鑿除樁頂?shù)乃鼗炷翆雍凸诹海冻鲂弯撳^固頭，然后由 拔樁機起拔型鋼。塔式起重機之間應(yīng)有中夠的安全距離，確保臂桿不與塔身相碰。灌漿前應(yīng)在鋼柱底板四周立模板，用水清洗基礎(chǔ)表面，排除多余積水后灌漿。超出時應(yīng)作適當調(diào)節(jié)使其居中，并確認絲頭已擰到套筒中線位置。若采用吊船施工，可將吊船在施工范圍內(nèi)的豎梁同時自下而上安裝完，再水平移動吊船安裝另一段立面的豎梁。 (4)型鋼混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)較鋼結(jié)構(gòu)在耐久性、耐火性等方面均勝一籌，且型鋼混凝土框架較鋼框架可節(jié)省鋼材 50％或者更多。后者是一部分粉煤灰取代等體積水泥，超量部分粉煤灰則取代等體積砂子，它不僅可獲得強度增加效應(yīng)，而且可以補償粉煤灰取代水泥所降低的早期強度，從而保持粉煤灰摻入前后的混凝土強度等效。出于高強混凝土的密實性高，因此它的抗?jié)B、抗凍性能均優(yōu)于普通強度混凝。 如何進行鋼柱吊裝？ 答：在吊裝第 — 節(jié)鋼柱時．應(yīng)在預埋地腳螺栓上加設(shè)保護套，以免鋼柱就位時碰壞地腳螺。雙機抬吊時，鋼柱吊離地面后在空中進行回直。 分別論述大體積混凝土澆筑中常用的幾種澆筑方案。當結(jié)構(gòu)的厚度不大，分層較少時，混凝土澆筑到頂后，第一層末端的混凝土還未初凝，又可從第二層依次分層澆筑。 Visafree policy brings Chengdu biz, tourism boost. Making national headlines several times, Chengdu39。s ancient indigenous religion, while Du jiang yan is considered to be the oldest functioning watercontrol project in the world. Chengdu ranked third in tourist facilities, management and services among 60 Chinese cities in a customer satisfaction survey released last year. But, Li added that efforts are still needed to develop more tourism products, improve English services and provide accurate translation of traffic signs and scenic billboards. Zhao Yun, chairwoman of British Chamber of Commerce Southwest China, told China Daily that his colleagues found the policy very convenient. A British client once flew here and stayed for just one day to check her ordered goods, she said. Zhao was born in Shanxi province, but she has lived in Chengdu for more than 10 years. My life was like a running race moving from place to place. I also lived in Beijing and Shanghai before, she said. But Chengdu is a place that you never want to leave once settling down. It is now my second hometown, she said. If the environment is further improved, the city will attract more people to visit and live, with the 72hour visafree policy and pelling conditions in transportation, culture, climate and cuisine, he said. Foreigners also gave positive feedback on the policy. A spokesman from Dell Inc said the pany has a global hub of operation in Chengdu, so the threeday visa has an immediate and positive influence on the pany39。an. Lou held a joint interview with 27 media, including China Daily, the first in a series of interviews entitled Chinese Media Along the Silk Road. The interviews will be in Shaanxi and Gansu provinces and the Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region, as well as Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan and Turkey. The media group held the first interview on Wednesday morning in Xi39。s publi c security bureau shows some 100 foreign visitors enjoyed the 72hour policy by the end of March, most of them from the United States, the United Kingdom and Germany. Chengdu also reported robust growth in its overall tourist industry last year. Official statistics show that it received some 150 million tourists last year, an increase of 28 percent from 2020. Around million came from abroad, an increase of 12 percent. Total revenue from tourism surpassed 133 billion yuan ($ n). During his visit to Kazakhstan in September, Chinese President Xi Jinping proposed that China and Central Asia join hands to build a Silk Road economic belt to boost cooperation. The idea has been widely echoed in Central Asian countries, being an encouraging blueprint for Chinese areas along the Silk Road that has linked Asia and Europe for more than 2,000 years. In the next three weeks, China Daily reporters will travel through the belt in China and in Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan and Turkey. They will show the progress and expectations of the countries, businesses and peoples on the route. Shaanxi the start of the ancient Silk Road has positioned itself as the new starting point for the development of the Silk Road Economic Belt, which will strengthen China39。s level of internationalization. The policy will also bring direct economic revenue, Li said. Chengdu has many cultural legacies and is also a paradise for panda lovers with the world39。 （ c）斜面分層 當結(jié)構(gòu)的長度大大超過厚度三倍時，可采用本方案。采用這種方案，結(jié)構(gòu)的平面尺寸一般不宜太大。（共計 10分） 試述大體積混凝土基礎(chǔ)的特點。鋼柱的吊點在吊耳處，根據(jù)鋼柱的重量和起重