氣候變化與清潔發(fā)展機制(文件)
【正文】 EB is responsible for the maintenance of a CDM registry, which will issue new CERs 20 經(jīng)營實體的工作： task of DOE ?審定 CDM項目 Validation of CDM projects ?申請項目的登記 Presentation of projects for registration ?核查監(jiān)測報告 Verification of monitoring reports ?推薦簽發(fā) CERs Remendation for CER issuance. 目前共有 4個 指定 經(jīng)營實體 (DOEs)， 20個申請實體 (AEs) At present 4 DOEs, approximately 20 Applicant Entities. 21 CDM參與條件： Participation requirements 所有的締約方都應(yīng)滿足三個基本要求： All Parties must meet three basic requirements: ? 自愿參與 CDM項目活動 i) voluntary participation, ? 建立一個 CDM項目活動的管理機構(gòu) ii) establishment of the National CDM Authority, ? 已經(jīng)批準(zhǔn)京都條約 iii) ratification of the Kyoto Protocol. 22 項目合格標(biāo)準(zhǔn)： Project Eligibility 京都議定書 第 12條 規(guī)定 溫室氣體的減排應(yīng)是在沒有經(jīng)證明的項目活動的情況下產(chǎn)生任何減少排放而言是額外的，與減緩氣候變化有關(guān)的 真實的、可測量的和長期的效益 Article 12 of the Protocol states that projects must result in “reductions in emissions that are additional to any that would occur in the absence of the project activity”. The CDM project must lead to real, measurable, and longterm benefits related to the mitigation of climate change. Kyoto article 12 ? 溫室氣體的排放應(yīng)小于可信和可能的基準(zhǔn)排放是否是真實的 Real if actual GHG emissions are less than the emissions in a credible and probable baseline scenario ? 測定確定項目排放水平與基準(zhǔn)排放水平方法的可行性應(yīng)是在合理的范圍內(nèi) Measurable if the actual level of GHG emissions of the project case and the level of GHG emission in the baseline scenario can be established with a reasonable degree of certainty ? 項目對溫室氣體的減排的收益應(yīng)是長期的 Avoiding GHG emissions is per definition a longterm benefit 23 可持續(xù)發(fā)展標(biāo)準(zhǔn)： Sustainable development criteria ? 京都條約中規(guī)定清潔發(fā)展機制的目的是協(xié)助未列入附件一的締約方實現(xiàn)可持續(xù)發(fā)展，可持續(xù)發(fā)展指標(biāo)主要包括： The protocol specifies that the purpose of the CDM is to assist nonAnnex I Parties in achieving sustainable development. ? 社會指標(biāo)：項目可以提高生活質(zhì)量、減少貧困、增進公平等 Social criteria The project improves the quality of life, alleviates poverty, and improves equity. ? 經(jīng)濟指標(biāo)： 項目可以為地方實體提供經(jīng)濟來源，對收支平衡及新技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)移起到積極作用 Economic criteria The project provides financial returns to local entities, results in a positive impact on balance of payments, and transfers new technology. ? 環(huán)境指標(biāo)：項目通過減少對石化燃料的使用導(dǎo)致溫室氣體的減排，可以降低對地方環(huán)境的壓力，提供健康的生活環(huán)境等，實現(xiàn)能源環(huán)境政策 Environmental criteria The project reduces greenhouse gas emissions and the use of fossil fuels, conserves local resources, reduces pressure on the local environments, provides health and other environmental benefits, and meets energy and environmental policies. 24 Annex I/B 聯(lián)合履行（ JI） : Joint Implementation Annex I/B 發(fā)起聯(lián)合履行項目 JI Project Sponsoring Both Parties are Annex I Parties 在附件 I國家之間 減排單位 Emission Reduction Units 發(fā)起國 Sponsor 東道國 Host 25 1990 2023 2023 2023 80 100 120 Index 排放貿(mào)易（ ET）： Internatio
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