【正文】 果 發(fā)訊電表可能出現(xiàn)的狀況 模擬量 A V 數(shù)字量 D VDD 5V 斷路 255 D235 信號高電平 235 D148 信號抖動狀態(tài) 148 D128 信號低電平 128 D36 短路 A0V 36 D0 對于信號發(fā)生抖動 其實是一種臨界狀態(tài)，處在高低電平之間 ，在處理時直接將其剔除，等到下一采集周期重新進行采樣并判斷。通過以下步驟實現(xiàn) :檢驗報頭，檢驗報文長度、累加校驗報文、檢驗報尾。 ②通過總線讀取存儲器，獲取所需表的抄收數(shù)據(jù) 。 存儲器操作子程序，存儲器操作子程序包括對 28C256 的讀操作和寫操作。因此，程序設(shè)計中的延時子程序相當重要，延時子程序的延時時間必須足夠大，但又不能過大，以免影響整個系統(tǒng)的運行速度。其中通信中斷子程序 1 用來接收和解析管理中心下傳的命令并執(zhí)行相應操作，如開戶時對采集器初始化表底數(shù)，上傳電表表數(shù)據(jù)等操作，其操作和數(shù)據(jù)采集器的通信中斷子程序類似 。GreenLED 亮表示浮充充電 。它具有遠程自動采集，數(shù)據(jù)集中，交費管理，用電統(tǒng)計分析，復合監(jiān)測以及綜合查詢等項功能，對電力部門推進配電自動化，實現(xiàn)規(guī)劃中的分時計費方案有著重大意義。但是，我們也應該清醒地認識到，從我國集中抄表系統(tǒng)的整體發(fā)展水平來看，要滿足大面積推廣使用的的要求，在系統(tǒng)的可靠性及數(shù)據(jù)傳輸質(zhì)量上還有待進一步的提高。 我們相信，隨著這項技術(shù)的不斷應用和改進，必將對電力系統(tǒng)減人增效、提高勞動生產(chǎn)率，保證電表抄收的及時性和正確性，防止竊電，加快電費的回收等方面提供有效的技術(shù)手段。智能抄表系統(tǒng)技術(shù)的研究進展 .成都電子機械高等?？茖W校學報， 2020 3 :1317 劉志中，孫麗芳 .住宅小區(qū)遠程抄表系統(tǒng)的實現(xiàn) .電腦開發(fā)與應用， 2020 4 : 810 趙興勇，遠程自動抄表系統(tǒng)研究 .《電力學報》， 2020. 15 卷 .1 期 李治、黃璐、趙偉，利用其他領(lǐng)域成果，推動白動抄表進步電測與儀表，2020,38 11 :59 Wedepohl, .: Propagation of Carrier Signals in Homogeneous, Nonhomogeneous andMixed Multiconductor systems IEE Proceedings, Volume 115, No. 1， January 1998, pp. 179186. 楊宏業(yè)、張躍、呂芳 .自動抄表系統(tǒng)中通信方案的現(xiàn)狀與展望《電測與儀表》2020 年第 8 期 李建歧，呂 .自動抄表系統(tǒng)中通信技術(shù)方案的探討《華北電力技術(shù)》 N0. 2. 1999 Tom D. Tamarkin Automatic Meter Reading Power magazine Volume 50，Number － Technological Challenges of Poewerline telemunication Michael,No11 February 5,2020 馬顏德 .小區(qū)智能抄表軟件的設(shè)計 .智能建筑， 2020 5 :3840 曹國朗， 2020 5 :4547 鄭濤，張保會 .利用低壓電力線傳輸數(shù)據(jù)存在的技術(shù)問題及對策 .電網(wǎng)技術(shù)，2020 22 :4447 田秀華 .低壓電力線擴頻載波遠程抄表系統(tǒng)的研究 .信息技術(shù)， 2020 6 :4951 楊宏業(yè)，張躍等 .自動抄表系統(tǒng)中通信方案的現(xiàn)狀與展望 .電測與儀， 2020 8 :812 賈磊 .遠程集中抄表系統(tǒng)在中國市場的應用及存在的問題 .智能建筑與城市信息， 2020 6 :4547 鐘道昌，姜麗華 .基于 RS485/422 總線和電話線載波的電能表遠程抄表系統(tǒng) .測控技術(shù)， 2020 10 :6466 附錄 1 本科畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文）開題報告 一、綜述本課題國內(nèi)外研究動態(tài)，說明選題的依據(jù)和意義 從十九世紀七十年代貝爾發(fā)明電話到今天信息高速公路的建設(shè)，一百多年來，通信技術(shù)己經(jīng)發(fā)生了翻天覆地的變化，特別是近年來，隨著微電子技術(shù)和計算機技術(shù)的高速發(fā)展，通信技術(shù)更是日新月異。當配網(wǎng)電力市場開放時，提供更多的戶信息和市場信息。專線通信技術(shù)作為常規(guī)方法，其特點是通信穩(wěn)定性好 :但是需鋪設(shè)專用通信線路，存在施工量大、綜合成本高、維護費用高、舊城區(qū)施工難度大等問題，難以大規(guī)模應用。 3 系統(tǒng)中數(shù)據(jù)集中器的軟硬件設(shè)計。提高供電質(zhì)量，提高供電的可靠性實施高效準確的抄收系統(tǒng)已是當務之急。但是由于電網(wǎng)不同、 國情不同，美、日的先進技術(shù)無法在我國電網(wǎng)采用，而且目前國內(nèi)也還沒有成熟的技術(shù)提供電力部門使用。在硬件方面，給出了采集終端和數(shù)據(jù)集中器的電路框圖，并在此基礎(chǔ)上進行了軟件流程的設(shè)計。而射頻廣播頻道 ,從服務器主機通與選定小組著手讀 ,然后連接這些節(jié)點和上傳儀的數(shù)據(jù) , 這個射頻廣播頻道 ,可以是一個現(xiàn)有頻道 ,目前正在用于管理 .該系統(tǒng)還具有雙向溝通一個廣域網(wǎng)之間的服務器主機 ,節(jié)點 .,該服務器主機 100 萬儀接收讀入數(shù)據(jù) ,不超過 5 分鐘另一個 ,該系統(tǒng)還具有多 ,每個的節(jié)點該系統(tǒng) ,和個射頻 ,與服務器主機儀表數(shù)據(jù) ,主機服務器 .這第二個射頻廣播頻道 ,可以是一個現(xiàn)有道 ,本發(fā)明進一步提供了利用一種射頻道自動 .該方法包括的步驟有 :定一些的無干擾的節(jié)點 : 選第一 。 另一 ,各節(jié)點可以通過不通的關(guān)口到達主機，這種方法還包括 :抄表數(shù)據(jù)另一 , 每的多元性節(jié)點接收和服務器主機 ,每的多元性本發(fā)明進一步滿足這些需求提供了一種自動讀多元化一個 AMR 系統(tǒng)組成步驟 :選擇一個節(jié)點指定為溝通大門 ?；?SET,網(wǎng)關(guān)節(jié)點和標記 .另一 , 該方法還包括一步發(fā)起抄表信息過一個射頻通道 每組無干擾的的節(jié)點 .另一個 ,該方法還包括啟動上傳儀表數(shù)據(jù)順序射頻通道每組無干擾的的節(jié)點本發(fā)明將得到更好的理解 ,其對象多 ,優(yōu)勢會逐步顯現(xiàn)參照以下詳細描述了當發(fā)明其中包括 : 了傳統(tǒng)的固定通信網(wǎng)的自動抄表技術(shù) 。,服務器主機命令哪些節(jié)點讀表，數(shù)據(jù)存儲在哪些關(guān)口 。s usage and display a reading of the usage at the meter itself. Consequently, the reading of these meters has required that human meter readers physically go to the site of the meter and manually document the readings. Clearly, this approach relies very heavily on human intervention and, thus, is very costly, timeconsuming, and prone to human error. As the number of meters in a typical utility39。s receiving device, wait for a response from the meter39。 and an outbound RF broadcast channel from the host server for municating with the selected group to initiate the reading of meters that municate with those nodes and the uploading of meter data provided by those meters to those nodes. This outbound RF broadcast channel can be an existing channel currently being used for demand side management. In a preferred embodiment, the system also has a twoway munication link over a wide area work between the host server and each of the nodes. In a more preferred embodiment, the host server receives meter data read from at least one million meters in no more than about five minutes. In yet another preferred embodiment, the system also has a number of gateways, each municating with a plurality of nodes, grouped to form sets of noninterfering gateways. In this embodiment, the system also has a selection means for selecting one of the sets of noninterfering gateways, and a second outbound RF broadcast channel from the host server for municating with the selected set to initiate uploading of meter data from the selected set to the host server. This second outbound RF broadcast channel can be an existing channel currently being used for demand side management. The present invention further fulfills thes。s location, with an automated reading system in the utility van. Again, the meters are manded to report the meter data, which is received in the van via an RF link, where the data is recorded electronically. While this methodology improves upon the previous approaches, it still requires a significant amount of human intervention and time. Recently, there has been a concerted effort to acplish meter reading by installing fixed munication works that would allow data to flow from the meter all the way to the host system without human intervention. These fixed munications works can operate using wire line or radio technology. FIG. 1 shows a conventional fixed munication work for automated meter reading AMR technology. As shown in FIG. 1, a fixed munication work having wire line technology in which utility meters 10 are connected to a wide area work WAN consisting of a suitable munications medium, including ordinary telephone lines, or the power lines that feed the meters themselves. One disadvantage of this approach has been that when a number of meters transmit meter data nearly simultaneously, the inherent latency on the wide area work results in packet collisions, lost data, garbled data, and general degradation of integrity across the system. To pensate for the collisions and interference between data packages destined for the central puter, due to the latency inherent in the WAN, various management schemes have been employed to en