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made to do sth.(某人被讓干某時(shí)),因此to不能少。B.知識(shí)要點(diǎn)1.虛擬語(yǔ)氣用于if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句表示對(duì)不可能發(fā)生的事實(shí)的一種假設(shè);或?qū)σ呀?jīng)發(fā)生過(guò)的事實(shí)進(jìn)行一種相反情況的假設(shè); 時(shí) 間從句謂語(yǔ)形式主句謂語(yǔ)形式虛擬現(xiàn)在時(shí)(與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反)動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式(be一般用were)should (would, could,might )+動(dòng)詞原形虛擬過(guò)去時(shí)(與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反)had doneshould (would, could,might )+have done虛擬將來(lái)時(shí)(與將來(lái)事實(shí)可能相反) 動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式should+動(dòng)詞原形were to+動(dòng)詞原形should (would, could,might )+動(dòng)詞原形 2.虛擬語(yǔ)氣用在表示要求、命令、建議語(yǔ)氣的詞引導(dǎo)的從句中:(1)用在動(dòng)詞suggest(建議), order(命令), insist(堅(jiān)持), require(需要), demand(要求),propose(提議)等引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句以及它們相應(yīng)的名詞suggestion, order, insistence, demand, proposal 后面的表語(yǔ)和同位語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)要用“(should)+動(dòng)詞原形” . He suggested that we(should)start now. 他建議我們現(xiàn)在就開始。I wish I knew the answer. 但愿我知道答案。 . I’d rather I had seen the film. 我真希望我看過(guò)這部電影。虛擬語(yǔ)氣用法,這里是對(duì)過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情虛擬,用“if從句+had e,主句+would have caught”。3)I wish everybody _______ the meeting tomorrow. (《大學(xué)英語(yǔ)》(B)Test 4, 36) A. will attend B. would attend C. had attended D. is going to attend解析:B。would rather后的從句用過(guò)去完成式虛擬過(guò)去的情況。主謂一致的關(guān)系根據(jù)“語(yǔ)法一致”、“意義一致”、和“就近一致”三項(xiàng)原則來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)。. An expert, together with some assistants, was sent to help in this work. 一位專家和幾位助手被派去協(xié)助這項(xiàng)工作。 What he told us was not the truth. 他所告訴我們的不是事實(shí)。 His time? Half was spent on books. 他的時(shí)間?一半是花在了讀書上。3.就近一致主語(yǔ)為either…or…, neither…nor…, not only…but also等連接的并列名詞時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)取決于最靠近的名詞的數(shù)。2)Two thousand dollars ______ enough for the car. (《大學(xué)英語(yǔ)》(B)Test 2, 36)A. being B. were C. are D. is解析:此題是用錢來(lái)做主語(yǔ),而貨幣單位做主語(yǔ)時(shí)看作單數(shù),因?yàn)樗诟拍钌蠈儆谝粋€(gè)整體,因此正確答案為D選項(xiàng)。 . Then began a war between two countries. 于是兩國(guó)之間開始了戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。 . Not only did he hear, but also he saw it ,而且也看見了。4)Important _______ his discovery might be, it was regarded as a matter of no account in his time. (《大學(xué)英語(yǔ)》(B)Test 5, 42) A. when B. until C. as D. although解析:該句的意思是“_______ 他的發(fā)明也許重要,在他那個(gè)時(shí)代,它被視為一件不重要的事情。. I didn’t know what kind of a country she is until I came to China.→ It was not until I came to China that I knew what kind of a country she 。 (十四)從句1.名詞從句A. 知識(shí)要點(diǎn)在句中起名詞作用的從句稱為名詞從句,可以在句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或介詞賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)等。. That she doesn’t understand spoken English is obvious. 很明顯她不懂口語(yǔ)。(同位語(yǔ)從句)(2)由whether / if 引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句:whether / if表示“是否”的意思。. Why they left the country is a secret. 他們?yōu)槭裁匆x開鄉(xiāng)下是個(gè)秘密。. It is strange that he make a mistake. 真怪,他竟做錯(cuò)了。B.例題講解1)With his work pleted, the manager stepped back to his seat, feeling pleased ______ he was a man of action. (《大學(xué)英語(yǔ)》(B)Test 2, 38)A. which B. that C. what D. whether解析:此題中he was a man of action這個(gè)句子做pleased的賓語(yǔ),而在這個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句中句子成分完整且不缺詞義,因此正確答案為B選項(xiàng)。 . He is the person who / that is going to give a concert on the century square. ↓ ↓ 先行詞 關(guān)聯(lián)詞他是那個(gè)要在世紀(jì)廣場(chǎng)上舉行音樂會(huì)的人。(作主語(yǔ)) Madame Curie is a great scientist whose name is known all over the world. 居里夫人是一位 全世界聞名的偉大科學(xué)家。(作原因狀語(yǔ),其先行詞一般是reason)(3)只能用關(guān)系代詞that的情況:① 先行詞為all, anything, something等不定代詞時(shí),只能用that;. I have never taken anything that doesn’t belong to me. 我從未拿過(guò)不屬于我的任何東西。(4)只能用關(guān)系代詞which的情況:① 定語(yǔ)從句前出現(xiàn)逗號(hào),介詞時(shí),只能用which引導(dǎo);. I never met Mary again, which was a pity.② 定語(yǔ)從句中作關(guān)系代詞作賓語(yǔ)且前面有介詞時(shí),只能用which引導(dǎo)。3)It is the best _______ I have seen. (《大學(xué)英語(yǔ)》(B)Test 4, 42) A. that B. who C. whom D. which解析:先行詞為the best,是good的最高級(jí)形式;在定語(yǔ)從句中,先行詞為形容詞最高級(jí)或有最高級(jí)形容詞修飾詞時(shí),只能用that,因此正確答案為A選項(xiàng)。 3.狀語(yǔ)從句A. 知識(shí)要點(diǎn)用作狀語(yǔ)的從句稱為狀語(yǔ)從句。(時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句)(2)Don’t try to get on the train until / till it 。(結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句)(6)If the weather is fine tomorrow, we shall go to the country. 如果明天天氣晴,我們就到鄉(xiāng)下去。(讓步狀語(yǔ)從句)(8)I admire and respect you more than everybody else (did). 我比其他的人都更欽佩和尊敬 您。(地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句)(4)He was worried because he hadn’t had any letter form his child. 他很著急,因?yàn)樗恢睕] 有收到他孩子的信。狀語(yǔ)從句的連接副詞有很多,比如:when(當(dāng)…時(shí)候)while(當(dāng)…時(shí)候), as(正當(dāng)…時(shí)), every time(每當(dāng)), before(在…以前), since(自…以來(lái)), until / till(直到…), hardly … when(剛…就…),because (因?yàn)椋? as(在..時(shí)候;像…一樣…;因?yàn)椤? since(既然,自從…),if(如果), though(雖然), as, than…等等。在此題中,______ is bad for their mental development這句話中,缺少主語(yǔ),因此該句為such…as…引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句,as代替kind of movies做定語(yǔ)從句中的主語(yǔ),因此正確答案為C選項(xiàng)。B.例題講解1)Did you notice the guy ______ head looked like a big potato?(《大學(xué)英語(yǔ)》(B)Test 1, 37)A. who B. which C. whose D. whom解析:此題中,the guy是先行詞,并且在定語(yǔ)從句中主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)都不缺,只缺少名詞主語(yǔ)中head的定語(yǔ),表示“那個(gè)家伙的頭看上去像個(gè)大馬鈴薯”,因此正確答案為C選項(xiàng)。. He was one of the greatest scientists that ever lived. 他是有史以來(lái)最偉大的科學(xué)家之一。(作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)) The building where you used to live has been pulled down. 你過(guò)去曾住過(guò)的那棟大廈已經(jīng)被拆除了。(作主語(yǔ)) The engineers (whom / that) we met yesterday have worked out a new machine. 我們昨天碰到的那些工程設(shè)計(jì)出了一種新的機(jī)器。3)We all thought ______ pity that you were unable to attend our meeting.((《大學(xué)英語(yǔ)》(B)Test3, 36)A. that B. which C. this D. it解析:此題中,that所引導(dǎo)的從句是賓語(yǔ),因此在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞thought之后缺少一個(gè)形式賓語(yǔ)it,因此正確答案為D選項(xiàng)。(賓從,it為形式賓語(yǔ),真正的賓語(yǔ)為that所引導(dǎo)的從句)②在同位語(yǔ)從句中,可接同位語(yǔ)的名詞通常是抽象名詞,且通常帶冠詞。(賓從) The question was who owned the house. 問題是誰(shuí)是那房子的主人。(主語(yǔ)從句)I don’t know whether/if he will e. 我不知道他來(lái)不來(lái)。(賓從)The truth is that he is only eighteen. 事實(shí)是他只有18歲。(1)由that引導(dǎo)的名詞從句:無(wú)任何語(yǔ)義,不做句子成分,僅起連接主、從句的作用。因此正確答案為A選項(xiàng)。(十三)強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)A. 知識(shí)要點(diǎn)通過(guò)強(qiáng)調(diào)句強(qiáng)調(diào)強(qiáng)調(diào)句的結(jié)構(gòu)是:It is / was + 被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分(主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)) + that(who)…被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分用that引出,指人時(shí)也可用who。2)I was satisfied with her explanation, ______. (《大學(xué)英語(yǔ)》(B)Test 3, 42)A. so my classmates were B. so were my classmatesC. so my classmates did C. so did my classmates解析:用so, neither / nor引導(dǎo)句子表示與上文已經(jīng)提到的肯定或否定意思一致時(shí),so, neither / nor引導(dǎo)的句子要倒裝,并且所用的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞以及時(shí)態(tài)要與前面一句話的時(shí)態(tài)、謂語(yǔ)保持一致,因此正確答案為B選項(xiàng)。(部分倒裝) 常用倒裝的兩種情況1.出于句子結(jié)構(gòu)的需要(1)在as, though引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中,從句往往放在主句的前面,而且從句須以形容詞、名詞或動(dòng)詞(原形)等開頭。3)The young _______ interested in pop music. (《大學(xué)英語(yǔ)》(B)Test 5, 41) A. is B. have C. has D. are解析:此題的主語(yǔ)是the+形容詞表示一類人,意思是“年輕人”,表示的是復(fù)數(shù)意義,因此謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也要用復(fù)數(shù)形式,并且表示對(duì)……感興趣是用的be interested in sth,正確答案為D選項(xiàng)。. Neither the father n