【正文】 性和抗干擾能力設(shè)計。當(dāng)然，限于學(xué)生的水平，設(shè)計中難免有不足和疏漏之處，歡迎老師們批評指正。s, the single slice machine technique got a huge exaltation. Along with the extensive application of INTEL i 960 series especially later ARM series, the 32 single slice machine replaces 16 single slice the high level position of the machine quickly, and gets into an essential market. And traditional of 8 single slice the function of the machine also got to fly to raise soon, handling an ability to pare with to raise few a hundredfold in 8039。s amount still want have another.The AT89C52 is a lowpower, highperformance CMOS 8bit microputer with 8K bytes of Flash programmable and erasable read only memory (PEROM). The device is manufactured using Atmel’s highdensity nonvolatile memory technology and is patible with the industrystandard MCS51 instruction set and pin out. The onchip Flash allows the program memory to be reprogrammed insystem or by a conventional nonvolatile memory programmer. By bining a versatile 8bit CPU with Flash on a monolithic chip, the Atmel AT89C52 is a powerful microputer which provides a highlyflexible and costeffective solution to many embedded control applications.Function characteristicThe AT89C52 provides the。s, and the mon model number factory price drop into to USD 1, tallest carry of model number also only USD contemporary and single slice machine system has already no longer developed and used just under the naked machine environment, the in great quantities appropriative builtin operate system is applied extensively in the whole serieseses of the single slice is on board. But be the high level of handheld PC and cellular phone core processing single slice the machine even can use appropriative Windows and the Linux operate system directly.Single slice the machine ratio appropriation processor is the most suitable to match to apply in the builtin system, so it got the most applications. In fact the single slice machine is an amount the most calculators are in the world. The modern mankind are living medium use of assemble in almost each electronics and machine product have a single slice machine. All have 12 single slice machine in the puter accessories such as cellular phone, telephone, calculator, home appliances, electronics toy, handheld PC and mouse etc. And personal puter in would also capable number not a few single slice the machine be working. Provide with more than 40 departments a single slice machine generally on the car, plicated industry39。53附 錄 1單相數(shù)字電度表硬件原理圖附 錄 2 單相數(shù)字電度表PCB制板圖附 錄 3PCB3D視圖外文資料翻譯DescriptionThe single slice machine is also called tiny controller, is because it was used in the industry to control realm at the earliest stage. Single slice machine from inside chip have CPU appropriation processor to develop only since then. At the earliest stage of design the principle is to pass to integrate a great deal of peripherals and CPU in a chip, making calculator system smaller, integrating more easily into plicated of but to mention to request a strict control equipments in the middle. The INTEL Z80 is the processor which designed according to this kind of thought at the earliest stage, from now on, single slice the development of the machine and appropriation processor went by different roads then.The single slice of the earlier period all of machines are 8 or them, the INTEL is most successful of 8031, because of in brief dependable but the function was quite good to acquire very big good opinion. Henceforth at 8031 up developed MCS51 series a single slice machine system. According to the single slice of this system machine system is still in the extensive usage till now. Because the industry controls the exaltation of[with] realm request, starting appearing 16 single slice machine, but because sex price wanted to don39。在此我要深深感謝所有曾給予我關(guān)心和支持的老師和同學(xué)們。對于今后在本課題基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步的研究和開發(fā)可以歸納為以下幾點(diǎn)：1. 完善硬件功能，對于硬件的信號調(diào)理電路以及功能擴(kuò)展電路進(jìn)行設(shè)計與完善。為了解決錯峰分段計費(fèi)問題本設(shè)計還編寫電子鐘程序，這就使電度表能在相應(yīng)的時間進(jìn)行相應(yīng)計費(fèi)。而本程序在到11個脈沖時接收的是最低數(shù)據(jù)，剛好相反使數(shù)據(jù)計算錯誤。 2. 中斷初始化錯誤：在起初初始化中斷時，我把TMOD設(shè)了兩次分別問0x01和0x10,這樣的話只能使定時器1工作，應(yīng)該為0x11才行。167。 （6）有條件的可以用示波器。 2. 如果在調(diào)試按功能劃分的器件上出現(xiàn)問題，可以按以下步驟進(jìn)行：（1）檢查原理圖連接是否正確 （2）檢查原理圖與PCB圖是否一致。 時間程序流程圖圖45 時間程序流程圖每次數(shù)字鐘中斷程序完成10次，代表時間過了一秒，就需要運(yùn)行時鐘程序，使秒鐘加一；如果秒鐘為60就代表是一分鐘，這樣分鐘加一秒鐘清零；如果分鐘為60就代表是一小時，這樣小時加一分鐘清零；如果時鐘為24就代表一天，這樣時鐘清零。 程序流程圖如43所示：圖42 按鍵程序流程圖圖43 數(shù)據(jù)采集中斷程序流程圖167。程序流程圖如42所示。 按鍵程序流程圖本設(shè)計的鍵盤采用的是獨(dú)立式鍵盤鏈接，一端接單片機(jī)管腳，一端接地，所以每當(dāng)按鍵摁下單片機(jī)就會有低電平信號送入。 主程序流程圖41如下：圖41 主程序流程圖 167。 本程序采用兩個計數(shù)器終端，分別進(jìn)行時間的計算和采樣時間的計算，外設(shè)三個按鍵，一個按鍵表示開始設(shè)置時間，一個表示時鐘加一，最后一個表示分鐘加一。 第16腳：背光源負(fù)極。當(dāng)RS和R/W共同為低電平時可以寫入指令或者顯示地址，當(dāng)RS為低電平R/W為高電平時可以讀忙信號，當(dāng)RS為高電平R/W為低電平時可以寫入數(shù)據(jù)。 第2腳：VDD接5V正電源。 2. 數(shù)字式接口：液晶顯示器都是數(shù)字式的，和單片機(jī)系統(tǒng)的接口更加簡單可靠，操作更加方便。167。 2. 44行列式鍵盤模塊：這種是鍵盤鏈接適用于按鍵比較多的連接，通過行列掃描來判斷是那個鍵按下，但程序編寫比較復(fù)雜。芯片內(nèi)部具有可編程日歷時鐘和31個字節(jié)的靜態(tài)RAM，日歷時鐘可自動進(jìn)行閏年補(bǔ)償，計時準(zhǔn)確，接口簡單，工作電壓范圍(2．5V5．5V)，功耗低芯片自身還具有對備份電池進(jìn)行涓流充電的功能，有效延長了備用電池的使用壽命。由于芯片可獨(dú)立工作，主電源掉電時備份電源只需為該時鐘芯片供電，可有效降低儀表功耗。主電源掉電時為了維持時鐘不停，必須要有外接電池給整個單片機(jī)供電，導(dǎo)致儀表本身功耗增大。167。此直流電壓經(jīng)過LM7805的穩(wěn)壓和C3的濾波便在穩(wěn)壓電源的輸出端產(chǎn)生了精度高、穩(wěn)定度好的直流輸出電壓。167。因此本設(shè)計中選用的500V的壓敏電阻。500A是其直流擊穿電壓。1. 過壓保護(hù)本設(shè)計在系統(tǒng)電源輸入采用串聯(lián)熱敏電阻保護(hù)措施，當(dāng)系統(tǒng)電壓過高時，由于電流會相應(yīng)增高，導(dǎo)致熱敏電阻發(fā)熱，熱敏電阻的阻值會相應(yīng)升高，根據(jù)分壓原理，在熱敏電阻上分壓保護(hù)，使整個電能表工作在可靠的電壓范圍內(nèi)，從而起到保護(hù)作用。當(dāng)電網(wǎng)停電時，作為后備電源給實(shí)時時鐘供電以保證時鐘的連續(xù)性的備用電源。由于電能表屬于不問斷工作的電力計量產(chǎn)品，因而其電源電路是其設(shè)計的關(guān)鍵部分。 電源模塊直流穩(wěn)壓電源[13]分為三種： 1. 固定電壓輸出電路：這種電路是最長用的直流穩(wěn)壓電源電路，設(shè)計制作簡單，成本比較低，應(yīng)用十分方便。如圖35所示通道l的共模電壓是AGND，它是通過負(fù)載電阻的中間抽頭接至UAGND上的，對VIP和VIN上的模擬電壓起到互補(bǔ)作用。這使傳感器接口的設(shè)計大為簡單。表31電流通道增益選擇表1. 電流通道線路電流傳感器的輸出電壓接到AD0832的通道V1，該通道采用完全差動輸入，VIP為正輸入端，VIN為負(fù)輸入端。但值得注意的是，在進(jìn)行IN+與IN的輸入時，如果IN的電壓大于IN+的電壓則轉(zhuǎn)換后的數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)果始終為00H。當(dāng)要進(jìn)行A/D轉(zhuǎn)換時，須先將CS使能端置于低電平并且保持低電平直到轉(zhuǎn)換完全結(jié)束。通過DI數(shù)據(jù)輸入端，可以輕易的實(shí)現(xiàn)通道功能的選擇。ADC0832為8位分辨率A/D轉(zhuǎn)換芯片，其最高分辨可達(dá)256級，可以適應(yīng)一般的模擬量轉(zhuǎn)換要求。 C；圖34 ADC0832芯片接口說明： 商用級芯片溫寬為0176。 5V電源供電時輸入電壓在0~5V之間； ADC0832具有以下特點(diǎn)： (17腳)RD：外部數(shù)據(jù)存儲器讀選通，低電平有效167。(13腳)INT1：外部中斷1請求端，低電平有效。P3口(10～17腳)：P3雙功能靜態(tài)端口。/Vpp(31腳)：EA為訪問內(nèi)部或外部程序存儲器選擇信號，EA=0，單片機(jī)只訪問外部程序存儲器，故對8031此腳只能接地；EA＝1，單片機(jī)訪問內(nèi)部程序存儲器，固對8051和8751此腳應(yīng)接高電平，但若程序指針PC值超過4KB(OFFFH)范圍，單片機(jī)將自動訪問外部