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nts in the United States. Chapter 5 Verbal Intercultural Communication ?A Lingua Franca is also used for munication purposes between different groups of people, each speaking a different language. It is viewed as an international means of munication. Eg. Latin was a Lingua Franca in the Middle Ages and French became a Lingua Franca in the 18th century. Today English is considered a Lingua Franca. Chapter 5 Verbal Intercultural Communication 3. Taboo and Euphemism ? Taboo refers to prohibition of a set of behaviors that should be avoided because they are offensive and impolite. Eg. Number 4 is taboo to the Chinese. ? Euphemism is the linguistic counterpart of taboo because it substitutes the offensive and disturbing vocabulary. Eg. “senior citizen” instead of “old people”。 tu/vous). Chapter 5 Verbal Intercultural Communication 5. Instrumental and Affective Style ? An instrumental verbal style is senderbased and goaloute based. The instrumental speaker uses munication to achieve some goal or oute. The burden of understanding often rests with the speaker. ? An affective munication style is receiver and process oriented. The affective speaker is concerned not so much with the oute of the munication, but with the process. The responsibility of understanding rests with both the speaker and the listener. Chapter 5 Verbal Intercultural Communication The notion of a language is not monolithic and there really exist many types or varieties of the same language. Some language variations result from the language user, that is, his or her geographical origin (dialect), or his or her social condition (sociolect). However, some language variations result from the circumstances of munication, such as pidgin and Lingua Franca, taboo and euphemism as well as jargon. Chapter 5 Verbal Intercultural Communication Text D Language Diversity 1. Dialects and Sociolects ? Dialects refer to geographical differences and these differences can be national, regional or local. Eg. American English and British English。大學英語 跨文化交際 Chapter 5 Verbal Intercultural Communication 黑龍江大學外語部 An idiom The sum of human wisdom is not contained in any one langua