英語是誰的語言(文件)
【正文】 him up”. Mr Crystal dismisses the idea that English has bee the world39。s dominance after the British empire had faded.不過，英語還是有很多難點(diǎn)?！耙环N語言成為世界語完全是由外部原因造成的，與說這種語言的人的實(shí)力密切相關(guān)，”他在文中寫到。s language? It may happen. “Thinking back a thousand years, who would have predicted the demise of Latin?” Mr Crystal asks. But at the moment there is little sign of it, he says. The Chinese are rushing to learn English.那么中國(guó)的崛起是否能讓漢語成為世界語言呢？這是有可能的。Mr Graddol agrees that we are unlikely to see English challenged in our lifetime. Once a lingua franca is established, it takes a long time to shift. Latin may be disappearing but it remained the language of science for generations and was used by the Roman Catholic church well into the 20th century.葛拉多爾同意，在我們這一代，可能還不會(huì)看到英語的地位受到挑戰(zhàn)。t understand,” he says. World Englishes, a recent book by Andy Kirkpatrick, professor at the Hong Kong Institute of Education, gives some examples. An Indian teenager39。一個(gè)印度青少年刊物里有這樣一段話：“兩個(gè)對(duì)立的團(tuán)體出去玩……你知道，他們一般都沉浸在dhamal（一種舞蹈）里消磨時(shí)間。對(duì)于英語使用者來說，從一種或另一種變化轉(zhuǎn)向更適合工作、學(xué)?；蚴菄?guó)際交往的語言運(yùn)用，這種做法很常見。葛拉多爾表示，如今大多數(shù)英語交流發(fā)生在非英語母語人士之間。Barbara Seidlhofer, professor of English and applied linguistics at the University of Vienna, says relief at the absence of native speakers is mon. “When we talk to people (often professionals) about international munication, this observation is made very often indeed. We haven39。她引用了一位奧地利銀行家的話稱：“我總是發(fā)現(xiàn)，（用英語）和希臘、俄羅斯或丹麥人做生意更容易一些。她表示，她的團(tuán)隊(duì)注意到非英語母語人士在幾個(gè)方面改變著標(biāo)準(zhǔn)英語語法。非英語母語人士將英語母語人士視為沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式的名詞以復(fù)數(shù)形式使用(“informations”，“knowledges”，“advices”)。世界各地許多教授英語的非英語母語人士也會(huì)同意這種觀點(diǎn)?？茖W(xué)家和學(xué)術(shù)人員如果想要國(guó)際刊物上發(fā)表文章，就必須堅(jiān)持英語母語精英人士遵循的語法規(guī)則。Prof Seidlhofer says that the English spoken by nonnative speakers “is a natural language, and natural languages are difficult to control by ‘legislation39。, the recognition and awareness that in many international contexts interlocutors do not need to speak like native speakers, to pare themselves to them and thus always end up ‘less good39?！盬hen native speakers work in an international organisation, some report their language changing. Mr Crystal has written: “On several occasions, I have encountered Englishasafirstlanguage politicians, diplomats and civil servants working in Brussels menting on how they have felt their own English being pulled in the direction of these foreign language patterns . . . These people are not ‘talking down39。這是一個(gè)互相遷就的自然過程，經(jīng)過適當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)間，就會(huì)形成新的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)形式。Native English speakers may wince but are an evershrinking minority.英語母語人士也許會(huì)厭煩這種情況，但這些人是少數(shù)，而且數(shù)量在不斷減少。目前，對(duì)于來自中國(guó)的商科學(xué)術(shù)人士或是來自泰國(guó)的醫(yī)學(xué)研究員，在《哈佛商業(yè)評(píng)論》(Harvard Business Review)或《英國(guó)醫(yī)學(xué)期刊》(British Medical Journal)上發(fā)表文章是一項(xiàng)重大專業(yè)成就?？死锼固貭枌懙剑骸坝袔状危矣龅揭恍┰诓剪斎麪柟ぷ?、以英語為母語的政治家、外交官和公務(wù)員，他們都提到如何感覺自己的英語被引向了這些外國(guó)語言模式的方向……這些人不是在‘貶低39。的誕生，人們意識(shí)到并承認(rèn)，在許多國(guó)際場(chǎng)合，對(duì)話者不需要像母語人士一樣講話，也不需要去和他們比較，進(jìn)而總是感覺‘遜人一籌39。進(jìn)行控制”。非英語母語人士為什么要在意英語母語人士的看法呢？畢竟，他們的主要目的就是了解彼此的意思?？死锼固貭栔赋?，“informations”等復(fù)數(shù)形式曾被認(rèn)為是正確的，賽繆爾?約翰遜(Samuel Johnson)就曾經(jīng)這么用過。Many native English speakers will have a ready riposte: these are not variations, they are mistakes. “Knowledges” and “phone to somebody” are plain wrong. Many nonnative speakers who teach English around the world would agree. But language changes, and so do notions of g
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