美國文學(xué)簡史常耀信版講義(文件)
【正文】 his lightening rod. Benjamin Franklin Statesman During the fight for independence, he was sent to Europe to represent the colonies. In 1776, he signed the Declaration of Independence and, in 1778, the Treaty of Alliance with France. When the colonists won their independence in 1781, Franklin helped negotiate the peace with England and signed what ultimately became known as Treaty of Peace with Great Britain (1782). ? His works ? (1) Poor Richard’s Almanac ? (2) Autobiography Term:Almanacs a popular form of practical literature containing much useful information for farmers and sailors. Features: ? practical and useful ? interesting by creating the character “Poor Richard” ? continuation of simple but realistic story about Richard, his wife and family ? including many “sayings” about saving money and working hard Poor Richard’s Almanac Some of these are known to most Americans today: ? God helps them who help themselves. ? Early to bed, and early to rise, makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise. ? One today is worth two tomorrow ? Diligence is the mother of good luck. Autobiography The capstone of Franklin’s achievement as a writer is his Autobiography. contribution (1) He helped found the Pennsylvania Hospital and the American Philosophical Society. (2) He was called “the new Prometheus who had stolen fire (electricity in this case) from heaven”. (3) Everything seems to meet in this one man – “Jack of all trades”. Herman Melville thus described him “master of each and mastered by none”. a pamphleteer, a fighter for independence and human rights “These are the times that try men39。s posed of six states, including from north to south : Maine緬因州 , New Hampshire新罕布什爾州 , Vermont佛蒙特州 , Massachusetts馬薩諸塞州 , Rhode Island羅德島州 , Connecticut康涅狄格州 . ? Historical Background ? American literature begins with the orally transmitted myths, legends, tales, and lyrics (always songs) of Indian cultures. no written literature ? The Indian’s contribution to America Indian words in everyday American English today such as “canoe”, “tobacco”, “potato”, “moccasin” 軟鞋，鹿皮鞋 , “raccoon” 浣熊 “ persimmon” 柿子 “ moose” 麋鹿 “ tomahawk” 戰(zhàn)斧 “ totem” 圖騰 ? the famous voyage of an Italian explorer, Christopher Columbus in 1492. ? European settlers came to American continent. ? The first permanent English settlement in North America was established at Jamestown, Virginia in 1607. Pu
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