【正文】
何(可數(shù)或不可數(shù))anybody任何人anyone任何人anything任何事物no 無(可數(shù)或不可數(shù))nobody無人no one無一人nothing無物all全體,全部both兩個(gè)neither沒有人或物(指兩個(gè)當(dāng)中)none沒有人或物(指兩個(gè)以上)either任何一個(gè)(指兩個(gè)當(dāng)中)each每個(gè)every每個(gè)everybody每人,大家,人人everyone每人everything每一個(gè)事物,一切other (s)另一個(gè)(些)another另外一個(gè),又一個(gè)much很多(不可數(shù))many很多(可數(shù))few很少(可數(shù))a few一些,幾個(gè)(可數(shù))little很少(不可數(shù))a little一些(不可數(shù))one一個(gè)(人或物)不定代詞的用法不定代詞大都可代替名詞和形容詞,在句中可用作主語、賓語、表語和定語。I was interested in everything that the old man told 。This book is too much for 。[注]有些不定代詞也可用作同位語和狀語。(狀語)復(fù)合不定代詞由some,any,no,every加上body,one,thing構(gòu)成的不定代詞,叫做復(fù)合不定代詞。(作賓語)something和anything的區(qū)別與some和any的區(qū)別一樣,前者一般用于肯定句,后者一般用于否定句、疑問句或條件狀語從句中。)She told them something about her 。s newspaper?今天報(bào)紙上有什么重要消息嗎?I need somebody strong to help 。2)序數(shù)詞 表示第幾的詞叫做序數(shù)詞(ordinal numeral),如:first (第一),twentieth (第二十),hundredth(第一百)等。3)十位數(shù)和個(gè)位數(shù)之間須用連字號。但也有不用and的情況,如850可以讀作eight hundred fifty。(如說the three of them,意思則是他們?nèi)齻€(gè)人)2)賓語Give me 。如:Our country has a population of l,200 million 。 4)表語She is just 。3)十位整數(shù)的序數(shù)詞的構(gòu)成方法是:先將十位整數(shù)基數(shù)詞的詞尾 ty 中的y變成i,然后加eth [iW]。如:1st,2nd,3rd,4th,31st,82nd,93rd,94th等。His father died in the Second World 。1/2 one half [hB:f]; 1/3 onethird; 2/3 twothirds;1/4 onefourth或 one quarter [5kwC:tE]; 3/4 threefourths或 three quarters; 2 3/5 two and threefifths.2)小數(shù)(decimal) zero [5ziErEu] point five; one point two five; three point four five eight.[英語語法手冊]年、月、日、時(shí)刻表示法 年、月、日表示法1)年代 年代前用in。如:(on) the first 一日 (on) the eighteenth 十八日(on) the thirty=first 三十一日4)某年某月某日in September 1954 (讀作in September nineteen fifty four)1954年9月On May 17,1960(讀作on May (the) seventeenth nineteen Sisty ),1960年5月17日On October 1, 1949 (讀作On October (the) first,nineteen forty nine)1949年10月7日[注] the twenties,the thirties等可用來表示幾十年代。clock).我們六點(diǎn)起床。如:two to seven七點(diǎn)差兩分a quarter to eight八點(diǎn)一刻eighteen to nine九點(diǎn)差十八分[注]讀時(shí)間表如上課時(shí)間表和行車時(shí)間表時(shí),可以直接照表上數(shù)字讀。The Chinese Communist Party is a great 。如:Have you got everything ready for the journey? 你行裝都準(zhǔn)備好了嗎?We keep our rooms clean and 。(the blind作主語)He has a keen sense of the 。關(guān)于形容詞有時(shí)可以后置的問題(),但如有一個(gè)以上的形容詞修飾名詞,這些形容詞的順序則由它們和被修飾名詞的關(guān)系的密切程度來決定。如:a strong, swift horse一匹又壯又快的馬many happy and healthy children很多幸福而健康的兒童a short and militant article一篇簡短有力的文章(militant一詞較長,放在short之后,這也是英語里安排形容詞位置的一種方法。它的最高級形式是:形容詞 + 后綴 est 或單詞 most + 形容詞。不用比較等級的形容詞通常稱為原級(positive degree)。如:a large wild plant一株很大的野生植物a simple musical instrument一種簡單的樂器a small fierce dark brown animal一種小而兇的深褐色動(dòng)物(注意dark修飾brown)以上例子中的形容詞之間并非并列關(guān)系,如第一例中的1arge與wild并非并列,而1arge所修飾的是wild plant。t marry young(不要早婚)中的形容詞young都是主語補(bǔ)足語。如:The young are 。I am very glad to see 。如:7:15讀作seven fifteen 11:30讀作eleven thirty9:20讀作nine twenty 3:53讀作three fiftythree[英語語法手冊]形容詞 什么是形容詞形容詞(adjective)是修飾名詞表示名詞屬性的詞,常放在它所修飾的名詞之前。2)如說幾點(diǎn)幾分,則用下列方法表示:a)表示幾點(diǎn)過幾分,用介詞past,但分?jǐn)?shù)須在半小時(shí)以內(nèi)(包括半小時(shí)在內(nèi))。時(shí)刻表示法1)英語表時(shí)刻其前用at。下面月份后附有縮寫式。[注]序數(shù)詞前面常用定冠詞the。2)賓語He was among the first to 。如twentyone變成twentyfirst。序數(shù)詞1-99的基本的序數(shù)詞序數(shù)詞 縮寫式 漢譯first [fE:st] lst 第一second [5sekEnd] 2nd 第 二third [We:d] 3rd 第三fouth [fC:W] 4th 第四fifth[fifW] 5th 第五sixth[siksW] 6th 第六seventh[5sevenW] 7th 第七eighth[eitW] 8th 第八ninth[nainW] 9th 第九tenth[tenW] 10th 第十eleventh 11th 第十一twelfth[twelfW] 12th 第十二thirteenth 13th 第十三nineteenth 19th 第十九twentieth [5twentiiW] 20th 第二十fortieth 40th 第四十fiftyfirst 51st 第五十一sixtysecond 62nd 第六十二eightythird 83rd 第八十三ninetyfourth 94th 第九十四說明:1)英語序數(shù)詞119除第一(first),第二(second),第三(third)有特殊形式外,其余均由基數(shù)詞后加th [W]構(gòu)成。Rice has been cultivated in the East for thousands of 。My uncle bought two hand tractors 。Four times six is twentyfour. 四乘六得二十四。100以上的基本的基數(shù)詞100 hundred [5hQndrid]1,000 thousand [5WauzEnd]1,000,000 million [5niljEn]百萬100,000,000 hundred million 一億1,000 million (=billion)十億499 four hundred and ninetynine(101999如此構(gòu)成)3,876 three thousand eight hundred and seventysix (10019999皆如此構(gòu)成)57,453 fiftyseven thousand four hundred and fiftythree(1000199999)皆如此構(gòu)成)768, 921 seven hundred sixtyeight thousand nine hundred and twentyone8,641, 457 eight million six hundred fortyone thousand four hundred and fiftyseven50, 000, 000 fifty million500, 000, 000 five hundred million5, 000, 000, 000 five thousand million(或five billion)50, 000, 000, 000 fifty thousand million (或fifty billion)說明:1)100和100以上的基數(shù)詞須用hundred,thousand,million, billion等。注意thirteen,fifteen,eighteen的發(fā)音和拼法。2)數(shù)詞與不定代詞相似,其用法或者相當(dāng)于形容詞,或者相當(dāng)于名詞。如:There is nothing wrong with the 。t anything to say. (或I have nothing to say.)(或Yes, I have something to say.) 關(guān)于這個(gè)問題,你有什么話要講嗎?我沒有什么話要講。如:Everything is made of 。(同位語)They all went to the 。He has some English 。s all for today. class is 。Is everybody here?人都到了嗎?2)用作賓語I know little about the novel關(guān)于這本小說我知道的很少。(關(guān)系代詞which在從句中用作賓語,先行詞為film, which在口語中可省略)This is the plane that will fly to Tokyo in the 。如:The man who is talking with Mr. Brown is an eye Specialist和布朗先生談話的那個(gè)人是個(gè)眼科大夫。)關(guān)系代詞兩種可用來引導(dǎo)從句并將從句和主句連接起來的代詞這樣的代詞一方面在從句中用作句子成分,可作主語、賓語、定語等;另一方面又起連詞的作用。(whatever引導(dǎo)一個(gè)賓語從句,并在從句中作賓語。)[注二] whatever,whoever,whichever等詞可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句。(what相當(dāng)于that which。(疑問代詞who引導(dǎo)一個(gè)主語從句,它本身又在從句中用作主語。如:What ever do you want?你到底想要什么?Who ever is she looking for ?她究竟是在找誰?[注三]which表示在一定范圍之內(nèi)的選擇,what則沒有這種限制。疑問代詞概說疑問代詞有who(誰,主格),whom(誰,賓格),whose(誰的,所有格),what(什么)和which(哪個(gè),哪些)等。(作主語)The same can be said of the Other 。We are not talking about the same 。Oh, it39。It指人時(shí)亦用作指示代詞。(those代替television sets)4)This和that有時(shí)作狀語用,表示程度,意謂這么和那么。如:The climate of shenyang is just as good as that of Beijing. 沈陽的氣候跟北京的一樣好。Those two statements are not 。2)有時(shí)that和those指前面講到過的事物,this和these則指下面將要講到的事物。(作定語)指示代詞ins,these,that, those的其它用法1)This (these)常用來指在時(shí)間或空間上較近的事物,that(those)則常用來指時(shí)間或空間上較遠(yuǎn)的事物。如:This is a plane,這是一架飛機(jī)。如:Each tried to persuade the other to stay at 。s mistakes in their 。2)作定語時(shí)須用所有格。相互代詞表示相互關(guān)系的代詞叫做相互代詞。它在句中可置于名詞、代詞之后,也可置于句子末尾。(作help的賓語)The girl is too young to look after ,還不能照顧自己。[注]of+