【正文】
0 mm 可獲得較高的水分利用效率,籽粒產(chǎn)量可達 7000~7500 kg?hm2[10,21].本研究結(jié)果表明,在自然降水條件下,調(diào)虧處理 WW W 3 和 W4 的籽粒產(chǎn)量均在 8000 kg?hm2 以上,W 1 處理全生育期調(diào)虧灌溉量最低,僅開花期灌水 mm,獲得籽粒產(chǎn)量 kg?hm2,灌溉水利用率和灌溉效益也較高,達到了減少灌水次數(shù)和灌溉量、灌溉水利用效率、灌溉效益顯著降低.Kang 等 [22]研究認為,當(dāng)全生育期土壤相對含水量為 70%時,冬小麥生物產(chǎn)量最高,但是其籽粒產(chǎn)量和水分利用效率并不是最高。 W? W? W? W?圖 1 調(diào)虧灌溉對不同土層土壤貯水消耗量的影響 Effects of regulated deficit irrigation on soil water consumption amount at different soil layers. 調(diào)虧灌溉對冬小麥棵間蒸發(fā)的影響 由圖 2 可以看出,在冬小麥抽穗期,W 3 和 W4 處理的累積蒸發(fā)量顯著高于 W0、W 1 和 W2 處理,其中W3 和 W4 處理間無顯著差異, W2 和 W0 處理間無顯著差異,說明澆底墑水+拔節(jié)水的處理土壤相對含水量較高,促進了冬小麥抽穗期的棵間蒸發(fā)。 E)大田進行,供試材料為高產(chǎn)中筋冬小麥品種濟麥 0~20 cm 土層土壤養(yǎng)分含量為:有機質(zhì) g?kg全氮 g?kg堿解氮 mg?kg速效磷 mg?kg速效鉀 mg?kg1. 小麥生育期間降水量為:播種至拔節(jié)期 mm、拔節(jié)至開花期 mm、開花至成熟期 0~20 cm、20~40 cm、40~60 cm、 60~80 cm、80~100 cm、100~120 cm 和 120~140 cm 土層土壤田間持水量分別為%、%、% 、%、% 、%和 %,土壤容重分別為、 和 g?cm3,相對含水量分別為%、%、% 、%、% 、%和 %. 試驗設(shè)置的灌水組合為底墑水+拔節(jié)水+開花水,底墑水設(shè) 2 個水平,拔節(jié)水設(shè) 4 個水平,開花水設(shè)4 個水平,共 5 個處理,分別用 W0、W W W 3 和 W4 表示(表 1).表 1 水分處理方案(0~140 cm 土層相對含水量平均值)Table 1 Water treatments (average soil relative water content at 0~140 cm soil layer)灌水時期 Irrigation stage處理Treatment 播種期 Sowing 拔節(jié)期 Jointing 開花期 AnthesisW0 80% 65% 65%W1 80% 70% 70%W2 80% 80% 80%W3 90% 80% 80%W4 90% 85% 85%3灌水量由灌水定額計算公式確定 [11],計算公式為:m=10ρbH( ?i ?j) 式中:m 為灌水量(mm) ;H 為該時段土壤計劃濕潤層的深度(cm) ,本試驗計劃濕潤層深度為 140 cm;ρb 為計劃濕潤層內(nèi)土壤容重(g?cm 3) ; ?i 為目標(biāo)含水量(田間持水量乘以目標(biāo)相對含水量) ; ?j 為自然含水量,.小區(qū)面積 4 m4 m,小區(qū)間設(shè)置 m 隔離區(qū),隨機區(qū)組排列,3 ,前茬玉米 N 105 kg?hm2,P 2O5 kg?hm2,K 2O kg regulated deficit irrigation。調(diào)虧灌溉對冬小麥耗水特性和水分利用效率的影響作者姓名(作者地址)摘 要 以高產(chǎn)中筋冬小麥品種濟麥 22 為材料,在山東兗州小孟鎮(zhèn)史王村進行田間試驗,研究了調(diào):在全生育期降水 228 mm 條件下,W 1(土壤相對含水量:播種期 80%+拔節(jié)期 70%+開花期 70%)和 W4(土壤相對含水量:播種期 90%+拔節(jié)期 85%+開花期 85%)處理總耗水量高于 W0(土壤相對含水量:播種期 80%+拔節(jié)期 65%+開花期 65%) 、W 2(土壤相對含水量:播種期 80%+拔節(jié)期 80%+開花期 80%)和 W3(土壤相對含水量:播種期 90%+拔節(jié)期 80%+開花期 80%)處理,W 1和 W4處理間無顯著差異;W 1處理增加了 0~200 cm 土層土壤貯水消耗量,降低了小麥拔節(jié)至開花期的耗水模系數(shù),提高了開花至成熟期的耗水模系數(shù);W 4處理在開花至成熟期、W 0處理水分利用效率較高,但產(chǎn)量最低;隨灌溉量增加, W1和 W4處理產(chǎn)量也最高,W 1處理灌溉水利用效率和灌溉效益均高于 W4處理,為本試驗條件下高產(chǎn)節(jié)水的最佳處理. 關(guān)鍵詞 冬小麥 調(diào)虧灌溉 耗水特性 水分利用效率Effects of regulated deficit irrigation on water consumption characteristics and water use efficiency of winter wheat. 作者姓名英文(作者地址英文)Abstract:Field experiment was conducted to examine the effects of regulated deficit irrigation on water consumption and water use efficiency(WUE)in wheat plants (cv. Jimai 22) at Shiwang Village, Yanzhou, Shandong, China. Under 228 mm annual precipitation precondition, the water consumption amount of treatment W1 (with soil relative water content (SRWC) of 80%, 70% and 70% at sowing, jointing, and anthesis stages, respectively) and W4 (with SRWC of 90%, 85% and 85% at sowing, jointing, and anthesis stages, respectively) were significantly higher than those of W0 (with SRWC of 80%, 65% and 65% at sowing, jointing, and anthesis stages, respectively), W2 (with SRWC at sowing, jointing, and anthesis stages of 80%, 80%, and 80%,respectively), and W3 (with SRWC of 90%,80% and 80% at sowing, jointing, and anthesis stages, respectively). Compared with W4, the treatment W1 increased the ratio of soil water consumption amount to water consumption amount, used more water in 0200 cm soil layers, and it decreased water consumption percentage from jointing to anthesis stages, whereas increased that from anthesis to maturity stages. The water consumption percentages of W4 at both stages from jointing to anthesis and anthesis to maturity were higher. Under regulated deficit irrigation condition, although the WUE of treatment W0 was higher, its grain yield was lowest. The WUE of other treatments firstly increased, thereafter decreased with increasing irrigation amount. Treatments W1 and W4 with the highest water consumption amount had the highest grain yield. Furthermore, the irrigation water use efficiency and irrigation benefi