【正文】 引出線時，應(yīng)采取快速切除故障的輔助措施。過負(fù)荷信號裝置的動作時間應(yīng)比同一設(shè)備之過電流保護(hù)的最長動作時間長，一般取910秒就能滿足要求。 額定電壓 避雷器的額定電壓應(yīng)與系統(tǒng)額定電壓一致。按規(guī)定，獨(dú)立避雷針的接地裝置接地電阻RE10。避雷針采用φ20mm的鍍鋅圓鋼，長1~。② 在高壓配電室內(nèi)裝設(shè)有開關(guān)柜，其中配有避雷器，靠近主變壓器。 在主變的變壓器裝避雷器，防止主變的高壓側(cè)出現(xiàn)過電壓。此外，還有二次回路保護(hù)的設(shè)計以及接地裝置的設(shè)計。 參考文獻(xiàn) [1]范錫普主編 發(fā)電廠電氣部分（第二版） 水利電力出版社 1995[2]西北電力設(shè)計院 電力工程電氣一次設(shè)計手冊 水利電力出版社 1989[3]西北電力設(shè)計院 電力工程電氣二次設(shè)計手冊 水利電力出版社 1989[4]陳珩主編 電力系統(tǒng)穩(wěn)態(tài)分析 中國電力出版社 1998[5]李光琦主編 電力系統(tǒng)暫態(tài)分析 中國電力出版社 2002[6]賀家李 宋從矩 合編 電力系統(tǒng)繼電保護(hù) 中國電力出版社 2003英文翻譯原文Accelerates the middle and small scale obsolete transformer renewal festival pressure decrease to consume According to pertinent data estimate: From generates electricity to the power supply, to in the process generalized electrical power system each kind of electrical equipment which uses electricity (including generator, transformer, power circuit, electric motor and so on) the plete electrical energy consumption approximately poses continuously the power rate 28% ~ 33%. This to the nation said a year has 3,178 ~ billion kWh the electrical energy to lose in the movement electrical equipment, is equal in the 10 medium electricity consumptions provinces sum of electricity consumption. This indicated the electricity saving potential is extremely big, but also explained our country mesh wire damages leads excessively high, is in the world country of the output value energy consumption backwardness.Our country electrical network line damaging rate reaches as high as %, but Germany is only %, backwardness because is: One is our country electrical network structure backward, wire table weak, like in electrical network middle and small scale obsolete high energy consumption transformer capacity too big, lacks the adjustment ability, creates the accident rate high, line damaging rate is high。s obsolete transformers, some units also have four, the 5039。 investment can very quickly take back.（1） obsolete transformers renew want to be poor select poorlyIn the current many enterprises has the multi Taiwan obsolete transformer, although accelerates the obsolete transformer renewal to be able to bring the considerable economic efficiency for the enterprise. But because obsolete transformer quantity big, is impossible in a year to renew pletely all obsolete transformers, renews inevitably year by year, therefore, wants in the multi Taiwan obsolete transformer elimination to be poor selects poorly, through the quantitative evaluation loses the biggest obsolete transformer, namely elimination technology characteristic poor. Namely obtains the biggest electricity saving effect with the same investment fund. For example: The Dalian chemical plant has 2 6039。這對全國來說一年就有3178～3746億kW總之，造成我國電網(wǎng)損耗大的主要原因是，我國城鄉(xiāng)電網(wǎng)結(jié)構(gòu)和企業(yè)電網(wǎng)結(jié)構(gòu)中及電網(wǎng)運(yùn)行管理中科技含量太低。h以上，相當(dāng)于3個中等用電量的省用電量之和。使我國電網(wǎng)結(jié)構(gòu)中科技含量遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)落后于發(fā)達(dá)國家。（1） 樹立商品經(jīng)濟(jì)中優(yōu)勝劣汰的競爭觀現(xiàn)代化耗能設(shè)備管理的決策要求人們必須從產(chǎn)品經(jīng)濟(jì)觀念轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)樯唐方?jīng)濟(jì)觀念；從封建閉鎖的小農(nóng)經(jīng)濟(jì)觀念轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)樯唐方?jīng)濟(jì)中的競爭觀念，競爭的規(guī)律就是優(yōu)勝劣汰。（3）加速老舊變壓器更新?lián)Q代是經(jīng)濟(jì)效益不好的企業(yè)的重要舉措之一。（1）老舊變壓器更新要劣中汰劣當(dāng)前許多企業(yè)中有多臺老舊變壓器，雖然加速老舊變壓器的更新?lián)Q代能為企業(yè)帶來可觀的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益。但通過定量的優(yōu)化計算，更新1號變壓器全年節(jié)電64萬kW所以在電網(wǎng)改造和運(yùn)行管理中老舊變壓器更新淘汰中，不要完全根據(jù)出廠年限，應(yīng)通過定量計算，做到劣中汰劣。但但注意要把老舊變壓器中的劣中之優(yōu)留下做備用和特殊貯備。h。據(jù)統(tǒng)計，購S9型變壓器雖然比購S7型變壓器多花投資1萬元左右。其結(jié)果既浪費(fèi)了電能，又增加了電費(fèi)的成本。h，總經(jīng)濟(jì)效益為13～28萬元，所以，加速老舊變壓器更新?lián)Q代，購置S9型變壓器是企業(yè)減虧增效之路。（3）新型變壓器選型要優(yōu)中選優(yōu)當(dāng)前我國推廣的高效變壓器主要是非晶態(tài)和S9型，因此，老舊變壓器更新的計算是以節(jié)能型的非晶態(tài)和S9型變壓器代替老舊變壓器；而新型變壓器選型的計算是以S9型代替S7型變壓器。另一臺備用變壓器不更新。備用變壓器為保證安全供電，只有在運(yùn)行變壓器故障和檢修時才投入運(yùn)行。h。即用相同的投入資金取得最大節(jié)電效果。加速老舊變壓器更新?lián)Q代，這是低投入高產(chǎn)出的經(jīng)濟(jì)決策。耗能設(shè)備的經(jīng)濟(jì)壽命系指耗能設(shè)備在制造過程中，不僅考慮設(shè)備的物質(zhì)磨損，更主要的是按技術(shù)磨損確定設(shè)備的使用年限。變壓器更新?lián)Q代的科學(xué)決策在新世紀(jì)，在城鄉(xiāng)電網(wǎng)改造中，我們要運(yùn)用知識經(jīng)濟(jì)和科學(xué)技術(shù)，加速老舊變壓器的更新?lián)Q代。城鄉(xiāng)電網(wǎng)中不僅有大量六、七十年代老舊變壓器，有些單位還有四、五十年代變壓器在運(yùn)行，總計有1百多萬臺，占社會擁有量的40％以上。由于變壓器臺數(shù)多，總?cè)萘看?，所以在廣義電力系統(tǒng)（包括發(fā)、供、用電）運(yùn)行中，變壓器總的電能損失占發(fā)電量的10％左右。這說明節(jié)電潛力非常之大，但也說明我國電網(wǎng)線損率過高，是世界上產(chǎn)值能耗落后之國。s pine and cypress, pays the well, in the range first three townships transformer substation all has two obsolete transformers, moves spare, each transformer substation only renews a transformer to put the operation. Another spare transformer does not renew. Whole year total festival electric quantity 580,000 kW □h. Meanwhile pared to renews the transformer to save the fund nearly million Yuan pletely, and reduced the capacity to paste spends 80 ten thousand Yuan.（3） new transformers shapings want to be superior elect superiorlyCurrent our country promotes highly effective transformer main right and wrong crystalline state and S9, therefore, the obsolete transformer renews the putation is by the energy conservation crystalless condition and the S9 transformer replaces the obsolete transformer。 Transforms from the feudal block system small peasant economy idea into the modity economy in the petition idea, the petition rule is a superior win and the inferior wash out.(2) sets up consumes energy the equipment technology attrition ideaConsumes energy scientific theory main foundation which the equipment manages, embarks from the economic life idea, transforms the product economy material attrition idea into the technical attrition idea. Consumes energy the equipment economic life is refers consumes energy the equipment in the manufacture process, not only considered what the equipment the material attrition, is main is determines the equipment according to the technical attrition the service life. Consumes energy the equipment technology to wear is refers consumes energy the equipment in the use process, once in the society makes the new equipment, its technical performance and the economic efficiency continued pared to the original equipment when uses superiorly, should according to the technical attrition carry on the policymaking renewal equipment.(3) accelerates the obsolete transformer renewal is one of economic efficiency not good enterprise39。 Three is the obsolete idea and exte