【正文】 3D laser scanning technology is a new technology of Surveying and mapping, known as the real copy technology, is the field of Surveying and mapping, GPS development after yet another technological revolution, with the traditional measuring technology of 3D laser scanner, introduced the basic principle, technical characteristics, and the traditional measurement technology advantage, especially in the aspects of data collection, has the advantages of high efficiency, quick, accurate, reliable, has been widely applied in various fields of industry of Surveying and mapping. This paper discusses the 3D laser scanning technology in land reclamation areas of the advantages and disadvantages, and the Swiss Leica 3D laser scanner and the data processing software of Cyclone operations research. The settlement monitoring, earthwork in areas such as research shows, the 3D laser scanning technology in land reclamation area plays an indispensable role in the development of our country, it has profound significance for the land reclamation. Keywords: laser scanning land， reclamation， Subsidence monitoring， mappin Chapter 1 miotheory introduction In recent years, as measured in the field of service constantly broaden, and 3 d design and manufacture requirement for accuracy of measurement, the traditional coordinate measuring instrument, such as total station and cross section instrument can not satisfy the high precision 3 d coordinates acquisition and pared to the traditional measuring technology of reverse engineering, 3 d laser scanning technology has a great advantage, especially in the aspect of data collection, with efficient, fast, accurate, convenient wait for a characteristic, is widely applied in various fields of 3 d laser scanning technology. 13 research background and significance At present, our country economy from the rapid development into sustained and stable growth, our understanding of economic development has transformed the single pursuit of economic growth for the unification of the economic, environmental and social coordinated development. The state and society on the improvement of the ecological environmental quality is being more and more attention. Land development and consolidation has been increasingly important, 3 d laser scanning as another technology revolution in the field of surveying and mapping, 3 d modeling techniques play an important role in the field of land reclamation. Chapter 2, 3 d laser scanning technology and application 3 d laser scanning technology 3 d laser scanning technology is a new technology of surveying and mapping, surveying and mapping is once again after the GPS technology in the field of technological revolution. It is from the traditional measuring technology of surveying and mapping and integration through sophisticated sensor technology and a variety of modern hightech means integration, which is the generalization of the traditional surveying and mapping technology to the variety and integration. system position 3 d laser scanning system generally consists of scanner (puter) and the power supply system, controller of three parts. Laser scanner itself consists of laser ranging system and the laser scanning system, but also integrated CCD and instrument calibration and internal control system, etc. working principle 3 d laser scanning measurement of surveying and mapping technology content is high 14 precision measuring target39。激光， 2020， 11(3):5460. 11 [7] 余祖俊，楊婭楠，朱力強(qiáng)．三維激光掃描測(cè)量系統(tǒng)標(biāo)定方法研 究 [J]．電子測(cè)量與儀器學(xué)報(bào)， 2020， 12（ 6）： 3135． [8] 董良澤，王文，陸軍華，韋東波．三維激光掃描機(jī)的研究與開(kāi)發(fā) [J]．機(jī)床與液壓，2020， 11(9)： 155156． [9]周?chē)?guó)彪，韓明，張李超，胡勇．三維激光掃描控制系統(tǒng)研究 [J]．華中科技大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)：自然科學(xué)版， 2020， 2（ 2）： 109110． [10] Airborne laser scanning ： existing systems and firms and other resources ， E． P． Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing,[J]. Baltsavias Issue, 1999,3(54):111116. 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[16]Thomas Vogtle。 作為測(cè)繪科學(xué)的領(lǐng)先產(chǎn)品， 三 維激光掃描 具有鮮明的優(yōu)勢(shì)，廣泛的應(yīng)用 ， 從整體來(lái)看，三維激光掃描儀基本涵蓋測(cè)繪的各個(gè)領(lǐng)域，具備大面積，高自動(dòng)化，高速率，高精度 等 測(cè)量的特點(diǎn)。 10 第 4 章 結(jié)論與展望 結(jié)論 三維激光掃描技術(shù)是一門(mén)新興的測(cè)繪技術(shù)，是測(cè)繪領(lǐng)域 GPS 技術(shù)之后的又一次技術(shù)革命。一般說(shuō)來(lái)，前兩種方式的處理，其 相鄰 測(cè)站間往往 需要部分重疊，而最后一種方式的處理，則不一定需要測(cè)站間的 的部分 重疊。 坐標(biāo)配準(zhǔn) 坐標(biāo)配準(zhǔn)的 有三種基本方法 ： 全局 方式、 配對(duì)方式以及 絕對(duì)方式。啟動(dòng) Cyclone 軟件， 然互 建立筆記本與掃描儀的通訊，掃描過(guò)程由 Cyclone軟件 來(lái) 控制，通過(guò)集成的數(shù)碼相機(jī)拍攝掃描對(duì)象的影像，在影像上選取掃描區(qū)域。 9 測(cè)站設(shè)計(jì) 根據(jù)掃描目標(biāo)的位置、大小、形態(tài)和需要獲取的重點(diǎn)屬性設(shè)計(jì)各掃描站和控制標(biāo)靶的位置。而三維激光掃描所獲得的數(shù)據(jù)密度遠(yuǎn)高于此。 小結(jié) （ 1）根據(jù)三維激光掃描技術(shù)的特點(diǎn)分析其在礦區(qū)沉陷監(jiān)測(cè)中的應(yīng)用的可行性。 參點(diǎn)的密度對(duì)求參精度的影響 三維激光掃描獲取大量的下沉數(shù)據(jù) , 而求參時(shí) , 一般需選擇部分點(diǎn)即可 , 需要研究點(diǎn)的密度與求參精度之間的關(guān)系。 采樣點(diǎn)間距主要決定了模型化精度 , 一般在幾毫米到幾十毫米 , 間距越小模型化精度越高。而如果地表有植被 , 就要進(jìn)行 植被剔除 , 目前地面三維掃描的植被的剔除技術(shù)還不成熟 , 會(huì)造成精度的降低。當(dāng)系統(tǒng)的單次量測(cè)精度為 10mm時(shí) , 用最小二乘法生成的幾何模型的精度可能達(dá)到 1~2mm。不同的儀器有不同的作用 , 所以首先應(yīng)該選用合適的儀器。由于三維激光掃描沒(méi)有固定的測(cè)點(diǎn) , 所以不能直接得到水平移動(dòng)值 , 要研究地表移動(dòng)的水平移動(dòng)規(guī)律 , 仍要埋設(shè)一些點(diǎn)。 由于三維激光掃描技術(shù)具有良好的技術(shù)優(yōu)勢(shì)，已成為目前測(cè)繪領(lǐng)域的一個(gè)新的熱點(diǎn)，雖然針對(duì)三維激光掃描系統(tǒng)的應(yīng)用研究還處于初級(jí)階段，但已在工程建設(shè)中得到了很好的應(yīng)用 隨著研究的深入及與其他測(cè)量技術(shù)的結(jié)合，三維激光掃描技術(shù)的應(yīng)用將更加廣泛。 文物修復(fù)：對(duì)受損的文物進(jìn)行修復(fù)時(shí)，要求無(wú)接觸測(cè)量，傳統(tǒng)測(cè)量無(wú)法勝任，但現(xiàn)在可充分利用激光掃描儀的非接觸測(cè)量特點(diǎn)以及高分辨率和高精度云點(diǎn)數(shù)據(jù)，獲取建筑物表面的精細(xì)結(jié)構(gòu)，提供修復(fù)數(shù)據(jù)，進(jìn)行精細(xì)測(cè)量，對(duì)文物進(jìn)行修復(fù)。激光掃描測(cè)量技術(shù)能快速獲取大面積的目標(biāo)空間信息，通過(guò)對(duì)目標(biāo)的直接掃描來(lái)描述目標(biāo)特征，使用龐大的點(diǎn)陣和濃密的格網(wǎng)來(lái)獲取目標(biāo)信息，采樣點(diǎn)之間的間距很小。因而此過(guò)程中不需要人為的接觸到被測(cè)量的物體，這使得該技術(shù)可以廣泛應(yīng)用于危險(xiǎn)領(lǐng)域和測(cè)繪人員不可達(dá)到位置的測(cè)量等。 （ 2）實(shí)時(shí)性、動(dòng)態(tài)性、主動(dòng)性。激光掃描測(cè)量測(cè)量技術(shù)在測(cè)繪領(lǐng)域應(yīng)用的迅速發(fā)展，為測(cè)繪行業(yè)帶來(lái)一場(chǎng)新的技術(shù)革命。 4 點(diǎn)云是由三維激光掃描的無(wú)數(shù)測(cè)量點(diǎn)數(shù)據(jù)構(gòu)成的，而每個(gè)點(diǎn)坐標(biāo)數(shù)據(jù)的質(zhì)量都非常重要。 視頻攝像可以實(shí)時(shí)監(jiān)測(cè)并遙視掃描過(guò)程，還可用來(lái)捕捉所需要的目標(biāo)圖象，以便后處理時(shí)的校準(zhǔn)工 作。它可以工作在非常廣域的照度下及各種復(fù)雜環(huán)境中進(jìn)行操作。 反光鏡 的作用在于將激光束進(jìn)行水平偏轉(zhuǎn)，以便實(shí)現(xiàn)激光水平方向的掃描測(cè)繪功能 掃描儀主體本身的周向自旋轉(zhuǎn)功能可以實(shí)現(xiàn)縱向的掃描，每當(dāng)水平掃描一個(gè)周期后，掃描儀主題將步進(jìn)一次，以便進(jìn)行第二次水平掃描，如此同步下去，最終實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)所有空間的掃描過(guò)程。如：幾何尺寸、長(zhǎng)度、距離、體積、面積、重心、結(jié)構(gòu)形變，結(jié)