【正文】 所有關(guān)系的代詞叫做物主代詞，也可叫做代詞所有格。2)名詞性物主代詞用作主語、賓語和表語a)用作主語：Our room is on the first floor, and theirs is on the second 我們的房間在一層，他們的在二層。These tools are 。quot。quot。如：Please help yourself to some 。(作thought of的賓語)2)在句中作名詞或代詞的同位語，用來加強名詞或代詞的語氣，作amp。、amp。解。I fixed the window 。. John and Tom helped each 。Students cut each other’s 。quot。quot。quot。quot。 指示代詞有：this這個，that那個，these這些，those那些，it那個，這個，Such如此的，如此的事物，same同樣的，同樣的事物。(作表語)How do you like these?你喜歡這些嗎?(作賓語)This book is about Chinese traditional 。In those days the poor people had a hard ，窮人生活很苦。What I want to say is this：Pronunciation is very important in learning ：語音在英語學習中非常重要。quot。amp。(that代替climate)The county’s grain output of 1981 was double that of 。程度amp。這么amp。那么amp。It指人時亦用作指示代詞。Such和same也是指示代詞，其單、復數(shù)的形式相同。2)相當于名詞，在句中可作主語、賓語、表語等成分。(作賓語)His name and mine are the 。疑問代詞有who(誰，主格)，whom(誰，賓格)，whose(誰的，所有格)，what(什么)和which(哪個，哪些)等。如：What ever do you want?你到底想要什么?Who ever is she looking for ?她究竟是在找誰?[注三]which表示在一定范圍之內(nèi)的選擇，what則沒有這種限制。(疑問代詞who引導一個主語從句，它本身又在從句中用作主語。(what相當于that which。)[注二] whatever，whoever，whichever等詞可引導名詞性從句。(whatever引導一個賓語從句，并在從句中作賓語。這樣的代詞有關(guān)系代詞和疑問代詞兩種。(關(guān)系代詞who在從句中用作土語，它的先行詞是man)He is the rade whom you have been looking for他就是你要找的那位同志。(關(guān)系代詞that在從句中用作主語，先行詞為plane)不定代詞概說不是指明代替任何特定名詞(或形容詞)的代詞叫做不定代詞。(關(guān)系代詞whose在從句中用作定語，先行詞為man)The film which I saw last night is about a young 。它們在定語從句中可用作主語、賓語、定語或表語；另一方面它們又代表主句中為定語從句所修飾的那個名詞或代詞(這樣的名詞和代詞叫做先行詞)。(whoever引導一個主語從句，并在從句中作主語。whatever，whoever，whichever也可引導表示讓步的狀語從句。)Children do what the nurse tells them to 。)第18頁[注一] what所引導的名詞性從句(即主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句) 有時不是間接疑問句。疑問代詞本身在間接疑問句中又擔任一定的句子成分。如：Who is going to speak to us tomorrow?明天誰來跟我們講話?(who作主語)Who told you so?是誰告訴你的?(who作主語)Whom are you talking about ?你們在說誰?(whom作賓語，但在句首時口語常用who代替whom)Whose umbrella is this ?這是誰的傘?(whose作定語)What is that? 那是什么?(what作表語)What did he say?他說什么?(what作賓語)Which is yours，the blue pen or the redone?藍筆和紅筆哪一支是你的?(which作主語)[注一]關(guān)于疑問代詞的各種用法。疑問代詞概說amp。(作主語)第17頁The same can be said of the Other 。We are not talking about the same 。如：Who is it?――it’s ?是我。如： The book is about this 。和amp。意謂amp。(those代替television sets)4)This和that有時作狀語用，表示amp。3)有時為了避免重復提到過的名詞，?？捎胻hat或those代替。quot。quot。如：I had a bad cold. That’s why I didn’t ，所以我沒有來。如：This is a sickle and that is an ，那是一把斧子。如：This is a plane，這是一架飛機。quot。quot。quot。quot。如：Each tried to persuade the other to stay at 。如：We are interested in one another’s 。相互代詞的用法1)作賓語。如：You yourself said 。本人amp。親自amp。(作look after的賓語)He was always ready to help others。如：a friend of mine我的一個朋友(表示部分觀念，意即我有不少朋友，他(她)是其中之一)this lovely child of yours你的這個可愛的孩子(有感情色彩) 自身代詞概說表示反射(指一個動作回射到該動作執(zhí)行者本身)或強調(diào)(即用來加強名詞或代詞的語氣)的代詞叫做自身代詞。quot。quot。b)用作賓語：I didn’t borrow her dictionary. I borrowed ，我借的是他的。How many students are there in his (her) class?他(她)班上有多少學生?There are many good teachers in our 。中。 d) they可用來代替一般的人，特別在amp。 she is a 10,000 ton class ocean going 。如：We believe that China will make still greater progress in 。Our P. T. teacher taught us to swim 。 Oh，it’s you. 噢，是你。他們amp。你們amp。我們amp。他amp。你amp。種類英語有下列幾種代詞：1)人稱代詞(personal pronoun)a)主格：I，he，she，it，we，you，they.b)賓格：me，him，her，it，us，you，them.2)物主代詞(possessive pronoun)：a)形容詞性物主代詞：my，his，her，its；our，your，their.b)名詞性物主代詞：mine，his，hers，its，ours，yours，theirs.3)自身代詞(selfpronoun)：myself，yourself，himself，herself，itself，ourselves，yourselves，themselves，oneself.4)相互代詞(reciprocal pronoun)：each other，one another.5)指示代詞(demonstrative pronoun)：this，that，these，those，such，same.6)疑問代詞(interrogative pronoun)：who，whom，whose，which，what.第13頁7)關(guān)系代詞(relative pronoun)：who，whom，whose，which，that.8)不定代詞(indefinite pronoun)：some，something，somebody，someone，any，anything，anybody，anyone，no，nothing，nobody，no one，every，everything，everybody，everyone，each，much，many，little，a little，few，a few，other，another，all，none，one，both，either，neither.人稱代詞概說表示amp。少數(shù)代詞的復數(shù)形式和名詞的復數(shù)形式的變化規(guī)則相同，如oneones，otherothers。(作定語)All men are 。(作主語) This is John Smith speaking.(打電話用語)我是約翰(報紙標題，bosses前省去the，deadlock前省去a, pay increase talks前省去the。9)節(jié)日、假日等名稱之前不用冠詞。 What did you have for supper?你晚飯吃什么了?[注]但指一特定的餐食時則須用定冠詞，如Come on, or the dinner will be getting cold.(快來，要不飯就涼了)。6)在某些固定詞組里，名詞之前常不用冠詞。如：I don’t approve of cousins 。[注]季節(jié)前有時也用冠詞。如：Spring has 。如：That is my 。Have a smoke?No，thanks. I gave Up smoking long ago.抽支煙吧?謝謝，我早戒煙了。如：It is a great joy to live i