【正文】 “八角法”，就是在解決魔方問題的時(shí)候，首先復(fù)原魔方的八個(gè)角塊。接下來介紹一下“八角法”解決魔方問題的八個(gè)階段。這個(gè)過程與上面的過程相似，只要把底面轉(zhuǎn)到頂面，然后把底面當(dāng)做頂面來處理。然后根據(jù)成對的情況來選擇合適的魔方旋轉(zhuǎn)序列。第五階段是恢復(fù)底面的所有邊塊。第六階段是恢復(fù)頂面的最后一個(gè)邊塊。在上面幾個(gè)階段過后，魔方基本上已經(jīng)被復(fù)原了，只剩下魔方的中間塊沒有被復(fù)原。第八階段是恢復(fù)魔方中間邊塊的色向。通過上面對“八角法”的敘述可以看出，這個(gè)部分沒有什么多大的難度，只要把魔方狀態(tài)考慮完全就可以了。但是在魔方的初始狀態(tài)中，要恢復(fù)的角塊不一定是符合要求的，這就需要旋轉(zhuǎn)魔方將要恢復(fù)的角塊轉(zhuǎn)到符合要求的位置。由于在這個(gè)模塊的各個(gè)函數(shù)中都是一些專家序列，程序無外就是將魔方的狀態(tài)與它們比較，如果符合要求就調(diào)用專家序列，不符合要求就通過旋轉(zhuǎn)魔方，使魔方的狀態(tài)符合要求再調(diào)用專家序列。圖 41　程序啟動(dòng)后的界面(2)輸入魔方文件后的顯示。圖 45　人工操作中間選擇 h 后由電腦自動(dòng)求解(6)在程序一開始就輸入電腦。在慢慢開始著手做這個(gè)程序的時(shí)候才發(fā)現(xiàn)有很多東西是我沒有接觸過的，這些都需要通過自己來學(xué)習(xí)。在假期快要結(jié)束的時(shí)候，找到了構(gòu)建魔方狀態(tài)圖的方法，也完成了對魔方各個(gè)面旋轉(zhuǎn)操作的函數(shù)的編寫。所以我改變的了對魔方狀態(tài)圖的存儲方法，采用了不存儲狀態(tài)數(shù)組，而是存儲魔方的旋轉(zhuǎn)方式的，再通過回朔來找到要擴(kuò)展的狀態(tài)圖的當(dāng)前狀態(tài)。在沒有辦法用盲目搜索解決這個(gè)問題的時(shí)候我考慮到了專家系統(tǒng)。在這個(gè)時(shí)候我認(rèn)識到，如果想解決這個(gè)題目自己必須要學(xué)習(xí)玩魔方，于是就照著我找到的資料開始學(xué)習(xí)如何玩魔方，還好在幾天后終于將魔方復(fù)原了。在設(shè)計(jì)期間，我遇到了很多自己無法解決的問題，多虧老師、同學(xué)的幫忙，才能使我順利完成設(shè)計(jì)。s time for the wild fruits to ripe. The picturesque Arxan in Autumn is indeed a fairyland only exists in a dream that satisfies all your fantasies. If it rains heavily on Saturday night, some elderly Chinese will say it is because Zhinu, or the Weaving Maid, is crying on the day she met her husband Niulang, or the Cowherd, on the Milky Way. Most Chinese remember being told this romantic tragedy when they were children on Qixi, or the Seventh Night Festival, which falls on the seventh day of the seventh lunar month, which is usually in early August. This year it falls on Saturday, August 2. Folklore Story As the story goes, once there was a cowherd, Niulang, who lived with his elder brother and sisterinlaw. But she disliked and abused him, and the boy was forced to leave home with only an old cow for pany. The cow, however, was a former god who had violated imperial rules and was sent to earth in bovine form. One day the cow led Niulang to a lake where fairies took a bath on earth. Among them was Zhinu, the most beautiful fairy and a skilled seamstress. The two fell in love at first sight and were soon married. They had a son and daughter and their happy life was held up as an example for hundreds of years in China. Yet in the eyes of the Jade Emperor, the Supreme Deity in Taoism, marriage between a mortal and fairy was strictly forbidden. He ordered the heaven troop to catch Zhinu back. Niulang grew desperate when he discovered Zhinu had been taken back to heaven. Driven by Niulang39。 ll wait in the line for one hour to get a ticket, and another two hours at the site, to only see a tiny bit of the place due to the crowds. Last year, 428 million tourists traveled in China over the weeklong holiday in October. Traveling during this period is a matter that needs thorough preparation. If you are short on time to plan the uping Golden Week it may not be a bad idea to avoid some of the most crowded places for now. There is always a place so fascinating that everyone yearns for. Arxan is a place like this. The beauty of Arxan is everlasting regardless of the changing of four seasons. Bestowed by nature, its spectacular seasonal landscape and mountains are just beyond word. Arxan is a crucial destination for the remended travelling route, China Inner Mongolia Arxan — Hailar — Manzhouli. It is also the joint of the four prairies across the SinoMongolian border, where people gravitate towards the exotic atmosphere mixed with Chinese, Russian, and Mongolia elements. As a historic site for the Yitian Battle, Arxan still embodies the spirit of Genghis Khan. Walking into Arxan, you will be amazed by a kaleidoscope of geous colors all the year round the Spring azaleas blooming red in the snow, the Summer sea wavering blue in the breeze, the Autumn leaves painted in yellow covering volcanic traces, and the Winter woods shining white on the vast alpine snowscape. Hinggan League Arxan city is situated in the far eastern area of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. Its full name Haren Arxan means hot holy water in the Mongolian language. Arxan is a tourism city in the northern frontier with a blend of large forest, grand prairies, vast snowfield, heaven lake cluster, thermium, as well as volcanic cluster. It is a rare and unique ecotourism base filled with healthy sunshine, clean air and unspoiled green. Nestled close to the country39?，F(xiàn)在的程序基本上可以解決大部分魔方狀態(tài)。但是，新的問題又出現(xiàn)了，這個(gè)方法是在復(fù)原了八個(gè)角塊以后才可以用的，但它并沒有給出如何恢復(fù)八個(gè)角塊的序列。這也就說明我的程序只能解決在七步之內(nèi)找到復(fù)原路徑的魔方，而且速度相當(dāng)?shù)穆?。在開學(xué)后，開始著手搜索部分程序的編寫，當(dāng)這部分程序編寫完以后，新的問題又出現(xiàn)了。所以本打算在假期就將這個(gè)題目徹底解決的念頭也隨著這些困難消失了，而且無論怎么想也找不到很好的解決辦法。東北石油大學(xué)華瑞學(xué)院本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）24結(jié)　論這次畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)所選的題目對我來說是一個(gè)很大的挑戰(zhàn)，因?yàn)樵谝郧皬膩頉]有寫過任何與專家系統(tǒng)有關(guān)的程序。東北石油大學(xué)華瑞學(xué)院本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）22圖 43　人工操作界面(4)在選擇人工解決后輸入f+ 后的顯示?！”菊滦〗Y(jié)通過以上可以看出主模塊是建立在各個(gè)分模塊相互調(diào)用的基礎(chǔ)上，對文件接收模塊、程序執(zhí)行模塊、旋轉(zhuǎn)操作模塊、搜索模塊以及專揀模塊分別進(jìn)行說明，并給出基本求解過程和圖解。恢復(fù)八個(gè)角塊的過程是由這個(gè)模塊中的firststage()函數(shù)實(shí)現(xiàn)的，因?yàn)樵谶@里在搜索的過程中要時(shí)刻對比搜索到的魔方狀態(tài)是否符合那幾種固定的要求，所以，為了方便操作，用到了一個(gè)指向函數(shù)的指針(p)，關(guān)于它的定義在前面已給出說明，這樣是可以很方便的來調(diào)用對比函數(shù)（para1()、para2()、para3() 和para4()）。在復(fù)原魔方八個(gè)角塊的時(shí)候，用到了在上節(jié)提到的搜索技術(shù)。通過上面的八個(gè)階段，魔方在大部分情況下就已經(jīng)被復(fù)原了。當(dāng)然，有的時(shí)候由于情況比較特殊，沒有符合的專家操作序列。在這里旋轉(zhuǎn)魔方，把有“洞”的頂面轉(zhuǎn)到左面或者右面，然后選擇合適的旋轉(zhuǎn)序列，恢復(fù)這最后一個(gè)邊塊。把這個(gè)“洞”轉(zhuǎn)到前面，然后尋找要到要恢復(fù)的下邊塊的位置套用具體的旋轉(zhuǎn)序列。在這里邊塊的位置和色向都要考慮，每次只考慮一塊，直到這個(gè)階段的完成。而這個(gè)階段就是要解決這個(gè)問題。所謂“X ”就是頂面的角塊向上的顏色與中塊的顏色相同?！鞍私欠ā苯鉀Q魔方問題一共分為八個(gè)階段。下面就我所采用的專家方法—“八角法”給以說明。每當(dāng)找到符合要求的狀態(tài)時(shí)就調(diào)用專家序列給出正確的求解步驟。到這里搜索部分就算是結(jié)束了，剩下的就是如何將它應(yīng)用到解決到魔方復(fù)原的第一段，關(guān)于這個(gè)會在談?wù)搶＜蚁到y(tǒng)的時(shí)候給出。 //新結(jié)點(diǎn)插入隊(duì)尾，構(gòu)造擴(kuò)展鏈表nextnode=newnode。newnodev=1。 //新結(jié)點(diǎn)插入隊(duì)尾，構(gòu)造擴(kuò)展鏈表 nextnode=newnode。newnodev=1。//不擴(kuò)展上次旋轉(zhuǎn)的逆操作if(re_check!=2) {front_1()。另一種情況是，每當(dāng)對同一個(gè)面進(jìn)行四次相同的操作后（四次順時(shí)針或四次逆時(shí)針）也會回到最初的狀態(tài)，如果對上面的剪枝有了了解，這個(gè)就不是很難理解。在魔方的操作中有這么兩種情況值得注意：一種是，如果上次的操作是某個(gè)面的順時(shí)針操作，這次操作如果是這個(gè)面的逆時(shí)針操作的話，就會回到魔方的初始狀態(tài)，以根結(jié)點(diǎn)為例，當(dāng)對根結(jié)點(diǎn)的某個(gè)面進(jìn)行一次順時(shí)針操作，再進(jìn)行一次逆時(shí)針操作，這個(gè)時(shí)候的魔方的狀態(tài)就是根結(jié)點(diǎn)的狀態(tài)，也就是說，在對這個(gè)結(jié)點(diǎn)進(jìn)行擴(kuò)展是毫無意義的。break。break。break。break。break。break。while(()!=0){i=()。p=here。每當(dāng)要擴(kuò)展當(dāng)前結(jié)點(diǎn)的時(shí)候，就通過parent指針將當(dāng)前結(jié)點(diǎn)的父結(jié)點(diǎn)的旋轉(zhuǎn)方式（也就是變量v中的數(shù)據(jù)）存儲到一個(gè)堆棧中去，然后在將彈出堆棧中的數(shù)據(jù)，然后采取相應(yīng)的旋轉(zhuǎn)操作（對魔方初始狀態(tài)圖的操作） [15]，這樣就可以很順利的找到當(dāng)前要擴(kuò)展的結(jié)點(diǎn)的正確的狀態(tài)圖。）指向鏈表中需要擴(kuò)展的結(jié)點(diǎn)，當(dāng)前的結(jié)點(diǎn)被擴(kuò)展，則here 指向當(dāng)前結(jié)點(diǎn)的 next所指向的結(jié)點(diǎn)。}。nodec *f_1。nodec *u_1。//用來指向擴(kuò)展結(jié)點(diǎn)//父結(jié)點(diǎn)的具體指向nodec *