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tomic mechanisms to occur. This recrystallization temperature decreases with annealing time. Critical deformation. The prior deformation applied to the material must be adequate to provide nuclei and sufficient stored energy to drive their growth. 63 Laws of recrystallization(cont) There are several, largely empirical laws of recrystallization: Deformation affects the critical temperature. Increasing the magnitude of prior deformation, or reducing the deformation temperature, will increase the stored energy and the number of potential nuclei. As a result the recrystallization temperature will decrease with increasing deformation. 64 Initial grain size affects the critical temperature. Grain boundaries are good sites for nuclei to form. Since an increase in grain size results in fewer boundaries this results in a decrease in the nucleation rate and hence an increase in the recrystallization temperature Deformation affects the final grain size. Increasing the deformation, or reducing the deformation temperature, increases the rate of nucleation faster than it increases the rate of growth. As a result the final grain size is reduced by increased deformation. 65 思 考 題 概念 臨界分切應(yīng)力、孿生、固溶強(qiáng)化、 Orowan機(jī)制、應(yīng)變時效、二次再結(jié)晶、回復(fù) Why are FCC metals more ductile than either HCP or BCC metals? How do changes in the dislocation density affect the strength and ductility (. its ability to deform plastically)? Why? 66 已知平均晶粒直徑為 1mm和 aFe的屈服強(qiáng)度分別為 196MPa, 問平均晶粒直徑為 aFe的屈服強(qiáng)度為多少? 試指出 Cu和 aFe兩晶體易滑移的晶面和晶向,并求出他們的滑移面間距,滑移方向上的原子間距及點(diǎn)陣阻力。 C,在883176。 C, FCC結(jié)構(gòu)。 載荷( N ) 標(biāo)距長度( mm ) 0 4 0 . 0 43 , 100 4 0 . 1 86 , 200 4 0 . 2 1 02 , 000 4 0 . 4 1 04 , 800 4 0 . 8 1 09 , 600 4 1 . 6 1 1 3 , 8 00 42. 4 1 21 , 300 4 4 . 0 1 26 , 900 4 6 . 0 1 27 , 600 4 8 . 0 1 1 3 , 8 00 (破斷) 5 0 . 2 。如何區(qū)分冷、熱加工?動態(tài)再結(jié)晶與靜態(tài)再結(jié)晶后組織結(jié)構(gòu)的主要區(qū)別是什么? 某工廠用一冷拉鋼絲繩將一大型鋼件吊入熱處理爐內(nèi),由于一時疏忽,未將鋼繩取出,而是隨同工件一起加熱至 860℃ ,保溫時間到了,打開爐門,欲吊出工件時,鋼絲繩發(fā)生斷裂,試分析原因。 C以上為 BCC結(jié)構(gòu); Al的熔點(diǎn)為 660176。 C)軋制的難易順序。 59 ? 超塑性合金材料種類: 最常用的鋁、鎳、銅、鐵、合金均有 10~15個牌號,它們的延伸率在 200~ 2022%之間。 條件:晶粒細(xì)小 、 溫度范圍 ( ~) 、 應(yīng)變速率小 ( 1~ %/s) 。 55 ? 熱加工能量消耗小,但鋼材表面易氧化。 ? 帶狀組織與枝晶偏析被沿加工方向拉長有關(guān)。 52 2 熱加工對金屬組織和性能的影響 ? 熱加工可使鑄態(tài)金屬與合金中的氣孔焊合,使粗大的樹枝晶或拄狀晶破碎,從而使組織致密、成分均勻、晶粒細(xì)化,力學(xué)性能提高。 2 動態(tài)再結(jié)晶:在塑變過程中發(fā)生的再結(jié)晶 。 700186。 44 晶粒長大 Grain growth — 異 常長大 異常長大(不連續(xù)晶粒長大、二次再結(jié)晶): 少數(shù)晶粒突發(fā)性不均勻長大 ,使晶粒之間尺寸差別顯著增大,直至這些迅速長大的晶粒完全相互接觸為止。 (3)雜質(zhì)與合金元素 。 原子穿過 晶界擴(kuò)散 晶界遷 移方向 43 影響晶粒長大的因素