【正文】
鎘中毒 ? 鎘為銀白色軟金屬,富有延展性。早期表現(xiàn)為咽痛、咳嗽、胸悶、氣短、頭暈、惡心、全身酸痛、無力、發(fā)熱等,嚴(yán)重時(shí)可出現(xiàn)中毒性肺水腫或化學(xué)性肺炎,中毒者高度呼吸困難,咯大量泡沫血色痰,可因急性呼吸衰竭而危及生命。大氣中二氧化碳的濃度從 1750年的 280ppm上升到 1990年約 350ppm,而且仍在增長。在過去的一個(gè)世紀(jì)中,二氧化碳濃度升高,而全球氣溫也上升了 ~℃ 。 相關(guān)主題 太陽輻射與氣候( C1) 臭氧( W3)空氣、水和土壤污染物( W1) 短波的陽光能透過花房周圍的玻璃,室內(nèi)的長波輻射卻逃不出去。 3 Prior to the development of the stratospheric ozone layer which forms the ‘ozone shield’ the evolution of terrestrial life was inhibited. DNA efficiently absorbs UV light, which seriously disrupts DNA replication, causing reproductive failure and death. Relatively small increases in UV radiation can cause mutations during the replication process that may result in the production of cancerous cells. A major concern is the potential damage caused by UV light to plants. Which could reduce primary productivity, and therefore affect whole ecosystems. The importance of the ozone shield Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) can degrade ozone in the stratosphere. Attention was focused on the problem when the British Antarctic Survey demonstrated a strong depletion of the Antarctic ozone shield. It is estimated that a single chlorine atom can breakdown 10 000 ozone molecules. If the trend of ozone loss continues it is predicted that the ozone shield will be depleted by a further 10% by 2050。值得注意的是,紫外光對植物的重大損傷會導(dǎo)致初級生產(chǎn)力下降,因而影響整個(gè)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)。如果按臭氧損失的現(xiàn)行趨勢發(fā)展下去,預(yù)計(jì)到 2050年,臭氧屏將再缺損 10%,這會增加 3億皮膚癌患者。當(dāng)英國南極考察團(tuán)證實(shí)南極臭氧屏出現(xiàn)嚴(yán)重缺損后,這個(gè)問題引起了重視。 DNA大量吸收紫外線,而紫外光會嚴(yán)重破壞 DNA的復(fù)制,導(dǎo)致繁殖的失敗和死亡。臭氧層對生命非常重要,因?yàn)樗沼芯薮笪:ψ饔玫淖贤饩€輻射。因?yàn)榇髿庵械臏厥覛怏w(包括水蒸氣、二氧化碳和其他人為污染物)能夠吸收熱量,所以圍繞地球的大氣層防止了地球熱量的全部喪失。雖然對于未來二氧化碳的釋放量和大氣