【正文】 其中 A1① 10%和 A1① 15%處理的效果最好，這 2 個(gè)組合處理的花瓣不僅接近新鮮花瓣顏色 C10M100Y100K10， 而且經(jīng)光照試驗(yàn)后，顏色變化很小，為 C30M100Y100K20和 C40M100Y100K20，另外這兩個(gè)組合的花瓣不易脆，花形保持較 好 。月季花瓣干燥以后新鮮度不如原本色，這 因 是 失去水分的緣故。造成這樣的結(jié)果可能是由于在 紅色月季花瓣 中，其 主要含有黃酮素和類胡蘿卜素等多種類型色素 [8]，對(duì)其顏色起主要作用的是黃酮化合物類型中的花青素。所以，檸檬酸與硫酸鎂的混合液的保色效果才明顯的好于檸檬酸溶液的保色效果。 太陽(yáng)光照射對(duì)花瓣色素的分解作用 在光照試驗(yàn)進(jìn)行中， 所有花瓣的顏色都有較為明顯的變化，其中， 14 個(gè)處理組合中的 Y 值均保持不變或升高，有的 Y 值增加較為明顯，由此可見，太陽(yáng)光的照射導(dǎo)致花瓣變黃、變褐的一個(gè)重要的因素。 5 結(jié)論 經(jīng)過多方面的綜合考慮本試驗(yàn)認(rèn)為采取 自然干燥、硫酸鎂和檸檬酸濃度為 10%的處理組合最為合適。論文的設(shè)計(jì) 、 寫作 是在我的指導(dǎo)老師 —— 劉嶧老師的 親切關(guān)懷 和 悉心指導(dǎo)下完成的。 12 附錄 1：相關(guān)英文文獻(xiàn)原文 Drying and Preserving Flowers and Plant Materials for Decorative Use ANR1115,New May 1998. Mary Beth Musgrove, Extension Associate, Home Horticulture, Horticulture, Auburn University Drying and preserving flowers and plant materials is a form of artistic expression that was very popular during the Victorian age and has once again gained popularity. There are many reasons for preserving plant materials, whether your interest is in drying flowers from an arrangement that has special meaning or preserving beautiful cut flowers, foliage, ornamental grasses, and plant materials from the landscape or garden. Dried flowers are used in arrangements, wreaths, swags, pressed art, and other decorations. To improve your success with drying plant materials, and to enhance their longevity, refer to the following methods for drying plant materials. Collecting Plant Materials Plant materials should be collected at the most suitable time of the year for drying and preserving that specific plant part. In general, all plant materials should be collected when they are in peak condition. Plant parts can be harvested at different stages of development for variation in color, form, and texture. Flowers, for example, can be cut at the bud stage and at any later stages until just before full flower. Do not use flowers that have begun to fade. Almost all plant materials can be driedeverything from flowers, foliage, and branches to seed pods, grains, 13 cones, nuts, berries, and other fruits. One person39。 however, some flowers, such as the strawflower, have a weak stem and require that a wire be inserted before drying to support the flower. Table Remended for AirDrying Astilbe Dustymiller Hydrangea Santolina Baptisia Falsedragonhead Larkspur Smoketree Baby39。s lace Bleeding heart Daffodil Larkspur Rose Butterfly weed Daisy Lilyofthevalley Salvia, Sages Candytuft Delphinium Marigold Statice Celosia, Cocksb Ferns Nasturtium Sweet pea Chrysanthemum Geranium Nemesia Verbena Zinnia Burying Flowers in PlantDrying Mixtures 16 Flowers can also be dried by burying them in a plantdrying mixture. The drying agent in the mixture helps support the flower while removing moisture, preserving the flower39。原因是多方面的 ,無(wú)論你是因?yàn)樗哂歇?dú)特的意義或者是可以保持鮮花、樹葉、觀賞草等植物材料的美麗，都可以應(yīng)用于園林或園藝事業(yè)當(dāng)中。一般來(lái)說(shuō) ,所有的植物材 料應(yīng)該在 采收時(shí)應(yīng)該是植物的最佳狀態(tài) 。一些植物材料可以通過最佳的干燥方法來(lái)達(dá)到“永恒”的效果。 ?應(yīng)當(dāng)將 植物的莖插在水中，以避免其因失水萎蔫。 ?收集植物材料應(yīng)當(dāng)注意 。 自然干燥的植物材料 自然干燥的材料包括草、蘆葦、松 木、花穗和大多數(shù)種子莢。比如 , 種子莢等材料可能需要用水清洗和使用一些溫和的洗滌劑。 風(fēng)干 風(fēng)干是保存花卉及植物材料植物材料最簡(jiǎn)單的方法。大型頭狀花序的花材應(yīng)當(dāng)單獨(dú)懸掛。 ?將小束鮮花捆綁好，帶有頭狀花序的花朵請(qǐng)勿觸摸。表 1 中列出了適合用于風(fēng)干法干燥的植物材料。蕨類植物也是一種極好的壓花材料。大多數(shù)的 葉片 ,以及一些花瓣較少的朵都可以壓得很好。 ?等待花朵完全干燥后 ,然后根據(jù)植物材料的種類和花朵的大小進(jìn)行分類 ,并將它們儲(chǔ)存在一個(gè)密閉的容器中直到準(zhǔn)備使用。 表 1 適合風(fēng)干的花卉種類 落新婦 銀葉菊 八仙花 小花柏 野顁草 棉鈴花 飛燕草 黃 櫨 滿天星 茴香 紫丁香 補(bǔ)血草 22 黑百合 天人菊 萬(wàn)壽菊 麥稈菊 金盞菊 單州漏盧 馬利筋 鹽夫木 香蒲 金桿花 秋葵 艾菊 酸漿 千日紅 泡桐 起絨草 細(xì)蔥 園仔花 黃精屬 大薊 金花草 穎果 罌粟葵 西洋 蓍 草 雞冠花 莎草科 玫瑰 干花菊 酸模 合田草 鼠尾草 使用以下幾個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的步驟來(lái)成功風(fēng)干植物材料： ?干燥的花應(yīng)處于溫暖的、干燥、遮陰的地區(qū) ,并且具有良好的空氣流通 ,從而可達(dá)到最好的干燥結(jié)果。倒掛在一個(gè)溫暖、干燥、空氣流通較好的地區(qū)。油漆或蟲膠噴到水果和花穗上可以使 他們看起來(lái)更閃亮、起到裝飾的效果以及可以保護(hù)他們。然而，香蒲應(yīng)當(dāng)在其 剛剛 變褐 時(shí) 進(jìn)行采摘，即花還明顯直立的生長(zhǎng)在植物頂端 的 時(shí) 候 。 植物材料干燥的方法 有些植物材料可以通過自然干燥來(lái)進(jìn)行干燥 ,我們只需要做一些簡(jiǎn)單的工作。在植物材料剪下后，應(yīng)當(dāng)盡快對(duì)其進(jìn)行干燥。 ?用一把鋒利的刀或修枝剪來(lái)采集鮮花和植物材料。例如 ,鮮花應(yīng)當(dāng)在其花蕾期或者稍后的一段時(shí)間進(jìn)行采摘，不應(yīng)等到盛花期后花卉已經(jīng)開始凋謝再采摘。 為了提高制作干燥植物材料的成功率 ,并延長(zhǎng)他們的保存期限 ,可以參閱下列方法來(lái)進(jìn)行植物材料的干燥。s lace Anemone Dahlia Larkspur Rose Bells of Ireland Daisy Lilac Salvia Blackeyed Susan Delphinium Lilyofthevalley Snapdragon Butterfly weed Dogwood Magnolia Stock Carnation Falsedragonhead Marigold Verbena Chrysanthemum Feverfew Nierembergia Waterlily Coleus Forsythia Pansy Yarrow Coneflower Gladiolus Passionflower Zinnia Coralbells Hollyhock Peony Some flowers should be wired before drying. Remove the natural stem, and use one of the following stemwiring techniques. Flowers that have a small, soft center should be hookwired. Using a 20 to 24gauge florist wire, push the wire up through the center of the flower. Bend a small hook in the end of the wire, and pull it back into the flower head so that it cannot be seen. Flowers with hard centers, such as roses, should be crosswired. Push a piece of florist wire through the base of the flower head at a right angle to the stem. Bend both ends of the wire down around the flower base to form a stem. Wire stems can be bent out to the side as you bury the flowers in the drying mixture. To bury the flower, place at least 1/2 to 1 inch of the drying mixture in the bottom of the container. Make small mounds of the mixture where flowers will be placed. Sift the drying mixture between and around the petals until the flowers are pletely covered. It is generally easier to work with flowers when they are placed in one 18 single layer per container. Place the flowers so that they do not touch. Drying times vary depending on the flower thickness and the drying agent used. Silica gel requires 2 days for thintextured flowers and 5 to 7 days for heaviertextured flowers. Borax mixtures generally require from 5 days to 3 weeks, depending on the flower texture. Do not keep the flowers in the drying agent for too long. Petals will bee brittle, and some flower color