【正文】 nswer H i g h T e m p o r a r y H o u s i n g C o s t sf u r n i s h i n g sd u r a t i o np o o l / s a u n a o f r o o m sA p t . v s . h o u s eC i t y v s . r u r a lN e i g h b o r h o o dLoc at ionF eat uresM at erialsM et hodsM eas urem ent sEnv ironm entC a u se a n d E f f e ct D i a g r a m27 Analyze: Benchmarking Exercise TRW?s corporate Human Resources department, through their affiliation with the Society for Human Resource Management (SHRM), was able to acquire average relocation cost per employee from ten other panies. Using Minitab determine how TRW?s expenditures pare to these other panies. Is the project goal of $15,000 per relocation reasonable? Be able to show why or why not. File: 28 Analyze: Benchmarking Answer TRW is ?middle of the pack? when paring our costs to other panies. The project?s goal of $15,000 seems reasonable because other panies are meeting it. TRW appears within reach of this goal. D . I. ( 2 0 3 0 0 , 9 . 5 % )D e l i p i e ( 2 6 7 0 0 , 1 2 . 6 % )T u r a ( 1 2 8 0 0 , 6 . 0 % )W i s h t e o n ( 1 4 9 0 0 , 7 . 0 % )Z o s c h ( 2 3 4 0 0 , 1 1 . 0 % )M a r v i n R a r i t ( 1 5 0 0 0 , 7 . 1 % )R u m a t o n a n ( 1 3 6 0 0 , 6 . 4 % )T R W ( 1 9 7 4 4 , 9 . 3 % )Iz a k i ( 2 2 2 0 0 , 1 0 . 4 % )K o o c h i k o o ( 1 9 4 0 0 , 9 . 1 % )L e i n a n ( 2 4 6 0 0 , 1 1 . 6 % )A ve r a g e R e l o ca t i o n C o st P e r E m p l o ye e29 Analyze: Hypothesis Testing From the Cause and Effect diagram for “High Transportation Costs” (pg. 25), “Divisional Procedures” was identified as a potential cause。s T e s tF a ct o r L e v e l sSt e e ri n gO SSEn g i n eBC SV a r i a n c e Te s t b y D i v i s i o nNo significant difference in variance between divisions 39 Analyze: Hypothesis Testing Answers Statistically significant differences identified on average between divisions. Upon investigating “why” the differences were present, BCS was found to utilize a trucking pany that is an entity within their own division. Oneway ANOVA: BCS, Engine, OSS, Steering Analysis of Variance Source DF SS MS F P Factor 3 623995197 207998399 Error 89 45499333 511228 Total 92 669494530 Individual 95% CIs For Mean Based on Pooled StDev Level N Mean StDev ++++ BCS 18 13944 545 (*) Engine 22 18824 831 (*) OSS 22 21808 648 (*) Steering 31 17867 755 (*) ++++ Pooled StDev = 715 15000 17500 20xx0 22500 40 Analyze: Correlation Exercise From the “High Transportation Costs” cause and effects (Camp。 HR Reps Purchasing Legal Business Unit VPs VP HR HR Directors Planning implementation Project Team amp。s T e s tP V a l u e : 0 . 0 0 0T e s t S t a t i s t i c : 7 7 . 4 3 1F T e s tF a ct o r L e v e l s20xx20xxT e st f o r E q u a l V a r i a n ce s f o r C o st / E m p l o ye56 Control: Prove You ImprovedTest Averages 57 Control: Prove You ImprovedTest Averages P value is .05 so, a statistically proven change on average TwoSample TTest and CI: Cost/Employee, Year Twosample T for Cost/Employee Year N Mean StDev SE Mean 20xx 22 17274 6024 1284 20xx 11 14285 685 206 Difference = mu (20xx) mu (20xx) Estimate for difference: 2989 95% CI for difference: (291, 5687) TTest of difference = 0 (vs not =): TValue = PValue = DF = 22 58 Graphical AnalysisBoxplot of Averages 20xx20xx3000020xx010000Y e a rCost/EmployeeB o x p l o t s o f C o s t / E m p b y Y e a r( m e a n s a r e i n d i ca t e d b y so l i d ci r cl e s)59 Control: Process Sigma (Post) 1. Determine number of defect opportunities O = ______ per unit 2. Determine number of units processed N = ______ 3. Determine total number of defects D = ______ made (include defects made and later fixed) 4. Calculate Defects Per Opportunity DPO = = ______ 5. Calculate Yield Yield = (1DPO) x 100 = ______ 6. Look up Process sigma in the Process Sigma Table Process Sigma = ______ D N x O 60 Control: Process Sigma (Post) Answer 1. Determine number of defect opportunities O = __1__ per unit 2. Determine number of units processed N = __34___ 3. Determine total number of defects D = ___4___ made (include defects made and later fixed) 4. Calculate Defects Per Opportunity DPO = = 5. Calculate Yield Yield = (1DPO) x 100 = 6. Look up Process Sigma in the Process Sigma Table Process Sigma = D N x O 。 Directors Project Team Communications CEO, COO VPs HR, Finance, Business Units Monitoring Results Project Team Finance HR Reps HR Directors Legal VP HR VP Finance Which groups or individuals should be: 48 Improve: Generating and Selecting Solutions In the Analyze phase the group found that BCS as a group had significantly lower costs than other Business groups. On investigation they learned that BCS owns