【正文】
信號(hào)作為載波信號(hào) ,用來模擬傳感器實(shí)驗(yàn)主機(jī)箱提供的音頻振蕩信號(hào) ,另一個(gè)是低頻信號(hào)作為調(diào)制信號(hào) ,它同時(shí)也是用來模擬金屬箔應(yīng)變式傳感器所測(cè)得的振動(dòng)源的原始振動(dòng)信號(hào)。本文選用同步解調(diào)主要因?yàn)?[10]: (1) 非線性解調(diào)其解調(diào)失真大 ,難以得到高質(zhì)量的解調(diào) ; (2) 線性解調(diào)雖不產(chǎn)生解調(diào)失真 ,但輸出的解調(diào)信號(hào)比較小 ,剩下很多調(diào)制波成分 ,這表明輸入的調(diào)制波過而不入 ,只有一部分成為輸出信號(hào) ; (3) 包絡(luò)線解調(diào)平直 ,會(huì)產(chǎn)生解調(diào)失真 ,所以必須要減小電路的時(shí)間常數(shù) ,使之具有指數(shù)函數(shù)的衰減特性 ,但實(shí)現(xiàn)起來過于繁瑣 ; (4) 所謂同步解調(diào)就是通過求解調(diào)波與載波的乘積進(jìn)行解調(diào)的方法 ,其與調(diào)制過程僅僅存在著輸入是信號(hào)還是調(diào)幅波的不同 ,其余完全相同 ,特別是本文中用來抑制載波的調(diào)幅 ,除該方法外再無其他解調(diào)法 ,所以采用該方法 ; 低通濾波環(huán)節(jié) 信號(hào)調(diào)理中另外一個(gè)重要的調(diào)理環(huán)節(jié)是濾波。 江蘇技術(shù)師范學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)說明書 (論文) 第 20 頁 共 37 頁 圖 42 調(diào)幅 解調(diào)器的前面板 調(diào)幅波解調(diào)器 程序框圖 的設(shè)計(jì) 虛擬調(diào)制解調(diào)器程序 框圖 如圖 43 所示 ,主要用到了 3個(gè)正弦波信號(hào)發(fā)生器、巴特沃斯濾波器、捆綁函數(shù)等相應(yīng)節(jié)點(diǎn)來完成調(diào)幅解調(diào)的過程。例如,當(dāng)所測(cè)信號(hào)的頻率很低時(shí),由于常用的電子放大器在低頻段工作特性不佳或容易混入低頻 噪聲信號(hào)(如工頻干擾),故造成被測(cè)信號(hào)的“污染”。 基于 LabVIEW 的 數(shù)據(jù)采集卡 對(duì)于虛擬儀器系統(tǒng), 要實(shí)現(xiàn) 對(duì)外部 數(shù)據(jù)采集 的功能 ,必須 配 有一塊數(shù)據(jù)采集卡。 A/D轉(zhuǎn)換器的性能直接影響著模擬輸入的質(zhì)量。 數(shù)字 I/O 通常用來控制過程、產(chǎn)生測(cè)試信號(hào)、與外設(shè)通信等。 江蘇技術(shù)師范學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)說明書 (論文) 第 23 頁 共 37 頁 圖 51 USB6008/6009數(shù)據(jù)采集卡 數(shù)據(jù)采集功能 模塊 的實(shí)現(xiàn) 系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)中 一些 常用的 數(shù)據(jù)操作節(jié)點(diǎn) 位于“函數(shù)” →“測(cè)量 I/O” →DAQmxData Acquisition 子選板中。讀取任務(wù) 節(jié)點(diǎn)的采樣模式選擇為“模擬”→“單 通道”→“多采樣”→“波形”,如圖 53 所示。如圖 55 所示,程序 利用獲取時(shí)間 /時(shí)間字符串 節(jié)點(diǎn) , 實(shí)現(xiàn)功能是將數(shù)據(jù) 寫 入 以年、月、日命名的文件夾,其文件名是年、月、日、時(shí)間、名字后綴 .xls。讀取到數(shù)據(jù)后,顯示在波形圖中 并 分析 處理 信號(hào)的參數(shù)。制作一個(gè)簡單的函數(shù) 信號(hào) 發(fā)生 器 進(jìn)行 調(diào)試 。本設(shè)計(jì)采用由集成運(yùn)放和 RC 元器件組成方波 三角波函數(shù) 信號(hào) 發(fā)生器 [13]。比較器 U1 和積分器 U2 元件參數(shù)設(shè)計(jì),由式( 51)得 : ccmoUURPR R 2132 ?? (53) 取 2R =10K,即可得 13 RPR ? 值;取 3R =20K, 1RP 值為 47K 電位器。首先,是硬件電路的檢查,利用萬用表檢查點(diǎn)點(diǎn)之間是否有虛焊漏焊的情況,檢查通過后,上電測(cè)試,其輸出端接到示波器的輸入端口,產(chǎn)生波形如圖 511所示, 分別顯示方波和三角波, CH1是三角波,其偏轉(zhuǎn)因子是 1V,峰峰值為 左右。 其方波、三角波的峰峰值、周期、頻率與示波器顯示基本相等。這次設(shè)計(jì)讓我最深的感受到專業(yè)知識(shí) 與理論相結(jié)合的重要性 。 數(shù)據(jù)采集和分析中,在函數(shù) 信號(hào) 發(fā)生器成功完成的前提下,通過數(shù)據(jù)采集卡,成功的采集了硬件產(chǎn)生的信號(hào),并成功 的進(jìn)行了 存取、讀取與分析。存儲(chǔ)問題方面 ,還是以獲取日期時(shí)間的方法,把數(shù)據(jù)存入同一文件夾,命名不同。 在畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)的這一段時(shí)間, 首先要感謝我的 畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì) 指導(dǎo)老師, 劉素芬 老師一直耐心的指導(dǎo) ,培養(yǎng) 了 我獨(dú)立學(xué)習(xí)思考的能力,建議 我在原有程序上改進(jìn)與 創(chuàng)新 。 有人可以僅靠自己的力量獨(dú)立的完成一項(xiàng)工作,我的設(shè)計(jì)在大量資料的指導(dǎo)前提下進(jìn)行,最后要感謝那些在虛擬儀器等領(lǐng)域有著卓越建樹的專家學(xué)者,他們的開拓性工作為后輩提供了高起點(diǎn),為整個(gè)社會(huì)的發(fā)展做出了巨大貢獻(xiàn)! 江蘇技術(shù)師范學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)說明書 (論文) 第 33 頁 共 37 頁 附錄 附錄一 實(shí)物圖 江蘇技術(shù)師范學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)說明書 (論文) 第 34 頁 共 37 頁 附錄二 元器件清單 元器件名 型號(hào) 個(gè)數(shù) 雙運(yùn)放 LM358 1 瓷片電容 1uf 1 可調(diào) 電阻 100K 1 可調(diào)電阻 47K 1 電阻 10K 3 電阻 20K 1 電阻 1 導(dǎo)線、插針 若干 江蘇技術(shù)師范學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)說明書 (論文) 第 35 頁 共 37 頁 附錄 三 中英文翻譯 一、 外文原稿 The Virtual Instrument and Its Instance Electronic measuring instruments is the basis of the electron industry. It occupys a very important position in the industry for a long time. It is the symbol of the developmental level of the electron industry in an era and updating constantly with the development of scientific technology. As a fixed function and long cycle of research and production, and other shortings, the traditional measuring instruments can not meet the demands of information age. So the large developmental space has been supplied for the new type of measuring instrument virtual of the simple construction of the hardware,software achieving a variety of functions mainly, and improving its proformance continuously with the development of the puter. It is provided with strongly adaptability and causes great concern in the world. Virtual machines pletely changed the traditional definition of equipment from the manufacturer function of the model, but in a small amount of additional hardware on the basis defined by the user equipment functions. Because it relies mainly on the operation of the software, modify or add features, improve performance are very flexible and userfriendly PC hardware and software resources and direct use of PC peripherals and working capabilities. Virtual instrument not only low cost, but also by modifying its software to increase the adaptability, thereby extending its life cycle, is a very good development prospects with the equipment. And traditional instruments, virtual instrument is 江蘇技術(shù)師范學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)說明書 (論文) 第 36 頁 共 37 頁 an efficient, open, easytouse flexible, powerful, costeffective, operational and other obvious advantages of good . Electronic measurement system in the virtual instrument of teaching and research in the application. Colleges and universities in particular, science and engineering school, master measuring instruments and equipment operators to use each student is the basic prerequisite for scientific experiments. Teaching, scientific research requires a large amount of measurement and analysis equipment, especially the experimental teaching, each apparatus must be more than targeted, but some equipment is expensive, so the investment required enormous equipment, it is very difficult to meet in ordinary schools, causing many schools Outdated equipment and lack of phenomena such as outdated, seriously affecting teaching and research. CAI use of educational softwareassisted teaching, can better overe the difficult part. However, because of electronic technology in the teaching of CAI software also small, not strong and functional, interactive, operability and the true extent of poor interface, to narrow the scope, to a certain extent, limited the use of teachers and students of the initiative. If the use of virtual instrument syste