【正文】 car seats on the basis of the structural design of the seat abroad have also begun to lightweight, lowcost development, a growing number of new manufacturing technology and the start of lightweight material widely used in modern car seat design, therefore, our study of the safety seat technology in urgent need of a large number of inputs, thereby reducing the gap with the advanced level, developed for the status quo of China39。s seat of an important factor. At present, many domestic manufacturers of the seats still in use Biography Serial production of the EC, that is, the design kind of processing test to improve the design of a single cycle. Led to the design of high cost and long development cycle. The event of failure of product quality, usually taken to increase the diameter of the blind or the thickness of the wall approach, rather than from the perspective of optimizing the overall structure to modify the design. Although this 本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文） 34 approach enables the weak part of the performance of seat change, it often will seat strength and stiffness of large margin, resulting in unnecessary waste of materials, Strength to the seat assembly as an example, the requirements of our standard seat assembly can withstand 20 times the gravity of the load assembly, the German standards are required to withstand 60 times the load of gravity. The impact of China39。s automobile industry, the design of seat work backward. Strictly speaking, the seat of our study was from the 20th century, the beginning of the eighties. After almost 20 years, currently chairs a number of manufacturers will be able to model a lot of domestic production support. With the advantages of joint ventures, domestic producers have a number of seats in part of the seat design and production technology, but still rely on foreign technology strength, selfdesign is still parked in the left at the starting stage. Caused by the design of China39。s seat of an important factor. At present, many domestic manufacturers of the seats is still the linkage of traditional modes of production, resulting in the design of high cost and long development cycle. Once the quality of products and unqualified, the blind tend to take greater diameter, wall thickness or the thickness of the solution, rather than from the perspective of improving the overall structure to modify the design. Although this approach enables the weak part of the performance of the seat has changed, but the strength and stiffness will seat large margin, resulting in unnecessary waste of materials, potentially increased the cost of the product design meeting also reflected backward chair design means supporting research. There are still a lot of seat design and the manufacturer does not have a high standard of technology supporting the use of puteraided design and analysis, can only follow the traditional design methods and processes, but also for the safety seat is only the awareness of regulatory requirements remain in the country on, hindered the development of seat design. China39。 loglog(x,y) 本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文） 32 附 錄Ⅱ CAR SEAT OF THE STATUS QUO AND DEVELOPMENT TREND Study abroad is acpanied by the seat of the birth of the car and started going through the hundredyear history, the development of a very mature, with the seatrelated safety standards and regulations have been perfect. As early as age 60 in the 20th century, many foreign countries have developed national or industry on car seat safety performance to ensure that the various regulations and standards, such as the United States to enforce laws and regulations of the Federal Motor Vehicle Safety (FMVSS) and industrial and mercial equipment manufacturers association (BIFMA) and other nonmandatory laws and regulations, and developed a wide range of special test equipment. China39。 a=((1w./w0).^2).*(1+91./u.*(w./w0).^21).^2+4.*b.*b.*(w./w0).^2.*(9(1./u+1).*(w./w0).^2).^2。 x0=。 hold on x=::10。)。 g=。 w=2.*pi.*x。 m1=245。我的設(shè)計較為復(fù)雜煩瑣，但是 王 老師仍然細(xì)心地糾正圖 紙中的錯誤。但一些細(xì)節(jié)方面做的還不夠完美， 懇請各位老師同學(xué)給予批評指正。在設(shè)計過程中還學(xué)習(xí)了三維繪圖軟件，利用三維繪圖軟件進(jìn)行骨架結(jié)構(gòu)和各個調(diào)節(jié)機(jī)構(gòu)的設(shè)計。在生產(chǎn)綱領(lǐng)已確定為大批生產(chǎn)的條件下，可以考慮采用萬能性機(jī)床配以專用夾具，并盡量使工序集中來提高生產(chǎn)率。 結(jié)果分析 通過對 小型客車 座椅有限元模型的靜力分析， 在 以 下方面對其結(jié)果進(jìn)行分析： 1).底座 結(jié)構(gòu)形式上，在除 底座 外 其他座椅骨架部件均滿足相關(guān)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)法規(guī)的理想前提下，采用兩側(cè)板 和中間板 的沖壓 結(jié)構(gòu)，側(cè)板 和中板 沖壓 厚度為 10mm， 滿足國際和國內(nèi)法規(guī)對靠背強(qiáng)度的要求。 圖 4 圖 顯示劃分的網(wǎng)格 本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文） 22 2).米塞斯等效應(yīng)力云圖 用于評價應(yīng)力分布情況，從下到上 ，表示應(yīng)力逐漸變大。如圖 所示。 因此，需要 在座椅底座 骨架 兩側(cè)板的下端邊緣對座椅底座 骨架施加夾緊約束，該約束施加于形體表面或邊界，使其上的所有節(jié)點(diǎn)的位置固定不變 （三個平移自由度全部約束）。進(jìn)入 GPS（創(chuàng)成式零件結(jié)構(gòu)分析 Generative Part Structural Analysis）平臺后， CATIA 就已經(jīng)自動定義了網(wǎng)格和屬性，且數(shù)量和集合體尺寸對應(yīng)。 圖 加載底座材料 本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文） 20 進(jìn)入 CATIA 工程分析模塊并劃分網(wǎng)格 1).進(jìn)入 CATIA 工程分析模塊 選擇菜單 Analysis amp。 本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文） 19 對座椅底座骨架進(jìn)行靜強(qiáng)度分析 建立底座骨架模型并指定材料 1).建立底座骨架模型 通過 CATIA 軟件 機(jī)械設(shè)計中的零件設(shè)計和裝配模塊，組建座椅底座 骨架 的 簡易模型 。于是，人們轉(zhuǎn)向另外一條研究座椅安全性的途徑 模擬計算方法，隨著計算機(jī)模擬計算的應(yīng)用和發(fā)展，它的優(yōu)點(diǎn)逐漸展現(xiàn)出來。隨著座椅結(jié)構(gòu)形式的不斷變化，單純用梁單元已不足以精確地描述座椅骨架的結(jié)構(gòu)，于是，設(shè)計人員越來越多地使用了其他的單元形式建模，如空間板殼單元、實(shí)體單元等。對于駕駛員座椅，由于裝有各種調(diào)節(jié)結(jié)構(gòu)，其結(jié)構(gòu)是非對稱的；同時，汽車在行駛過程 中，座椅上承受著復(fù)雜的載荷，結(jié)構(gòu)的各個桿件既受彎曲又受扭轉(zhuǎn)。 座椅安全性設(shè)計的研究手段有很多。 本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文） 18 有限元算法在汽車座椅安全 性研究中的應(yīng)用 有限元法的數(shù)學(xué)基礎(chǔ)是變分原理和近似分割原理，在有限元法中，實(shí)際物體或連續(xù)介質(zhì)，都用一種簡單的物理模型 —— 由有限個單元通過有限個點(diǎn)（稱之為節(jié)點(diǎn)或結(jié)點(diǎn)）相互聯(lián)接而形成的組和體來表示。 用臺車進(jìn)行座椅動態(tài)碰撞模擬試驗(yàn)時，其測量方法、分析方法及精度等都存在很多困 難，并且需要投人許多資金用于購置試驗(yàn)儀器和設(shè)備。其加載示意圖如 示。對于可 調(diào)式座椅，調(diào)節(jié)裝置在試驗(yàn)中應(yīng)能使座椅保持原調(diào)節(jié)位置，在試驗(yàn)后允許失去調(diào)節(jié)功能 。 圖 小型客車座椅骨架結(jié)構(gòu)總成 本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文） 16 第 4章 座椅骨架靜強(qiáng)度分析 汽車座椅靜強(qiáng)度法規(guī) 汽車作為現(xiàn)代人類社會的交通工具，在給人們帶來便利和好處的同時，也給人類社會帶來了災(zāi)難，那就是交通事故。 在整個調(diào)整過程中，通過連動桿的連接，座椅兩側(cè)的角度調(diào)節(jié)機(jī)構(gòu)會同步對靠背角度進(jìn)行調(diào)節(jié)。 222222 ???????????h mm 56501 0639。 圖 高度調(diào)節(jié)機(jī)構(gòu) 其中，連接桿 2 與調(diào)整螺桿連接部分為光滑 通孔，與調(diào)整螺桿無螺紋一端相接合，在調(diào)整螺桿有螺紋部分與連接桿 1 的接觸處， 將連 接桿件固定在調(diào)整螺桿有螺紋處和無螺紋處的中間，限制其沿調(diào)整螺桿軸向的自由度。每個等距分布 10 個均為 20 20mm 的小方孔，鎖止機(jī)構(gòu)每次均占用 1 個小方孔， 則最大調(diào)節(jié)距離為 （ 101） 40=360mm。主要尺寸（如圖 所示）。在前撞、側(cè)撞尤其是后撞情況下，靠背骨架在撞擊能量處理方面起到關(guān)鍵的乘員保護(hù)作