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外文翻譯---寬帶光纖接入網(wǎng)的發(fā)展趨勢(文件)

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【正文】 us reduced the initial cost and the movement cost。s mace application”. The EPON/GEPON main shorting is the efficiency low and supports outside the Ether with difficulty the service. The former is because uses 8B/10B the line code, introduces 20% band width loss, in addition other expenses, available load only about 50%, but APON and GPON all use NRZ to harass the code are the line codes, does not have the band width loss. In addition reasons and so on load bearing plate efficiency, transmission gathering plate efficiency, service adaptive efficiency, cause the EPON/GEPON total transmission efficiency to be very low, probably only is GPON half. 4. GPON In 2020, formulated EPON standard positively while IEEE, the FSAN organization starts to initiate the formulation speed to surpass 1Gb/s PON work standard 1,000,000,000,000,000 Ether passive light work (GPON), afterwards, ITUT also involved this new standard formulation work and 1 Dan (speed enhances in 2020 through two related GPON new standard and to ). According to this newest standard stipulation, GPON may provide and the speed and the all standard upward speed。P function。 Fourth, GPON and the EPON/GEPON disposable investment cost is high, not too suits invests the militancy gradually the traditional telemunication construction pattern, most suits pletely newly built or the reconstruction crowded user region. Recently some people to optical fiber munications development scene, somewhat puzzled. First, in 2020 the IT profession froth, caused the optical fiber munications the scale of production investment oversized, the overproduction, in the IT profession many small panies went out of business. Specially the optical fiber, overseas dumps to China. Second, some people thought that, Optical fiber munications throughput capacity already achieved 10Tbps, could not use up nearly, moreover the present main trunk line already constructed almost, buried the place the surplus optical fiber very to be also many, optical fiber munications technology not need more development. The author will believe that, optical fiber munications technology still have the very big development space, will be able to have the very big demand and the market from now on. Mainly is: The optical fiber to family FTTH, the light exchange and the integrated photoelectron ponent aspect can have the big development. Mainly discusses the optical fiber munications in this the trend of development and the market.. Generally speaking, the optical fiber access work has represented the broadband access work longterm development direction, each kind of wide band optical fiber access work all has its best use situation and the opportunity, the wide band pointtopoint active Ether optical fiber system suits in the low density user dispersible area application, the wide band pointmultipoint passive optical fiber system most suits newly built or the reconstruction crowded user area should. Our country39。 寬帶接入網(wǎng)發(fā)展的狀況和主要應(yīng)用 事實上 ,從電信發(fā)展歷史看 , 當(dāng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)用戶數(shù)達到一定規(guī)模。到 2020 年底 ,總用戶數(shù)已經(jīng)達到 億 , 成為電信史上發(fā)展最快的電信業(yè)務(wù)之一 , 甚至比移動業(yè)務(wù)還快。日本政府也通過各種措施大力推進寬帶發(fā)展 , 計劃 2020 年將寬帶用戶總數(shù)提高到 3000 萬 , 其中 FTTH 達到 1000 萬。 就光纖接入網(wǎng) , 特別是光纖到駐地 (FTTP)或光纖到家 (FTTH)而言 , 全球已經(jīng)開始進入啟動階段 , 僅美國就有 270 個 FTTP 項目 , 多半是地方政府、公共公司、房地產(chǎn)開發(fā)商和非主導(dǎo)電信運營商的項目。 我國寬帶接入網(wǎng)在近兩年發(fā)展也十分迅速 , 據(jù)初步統(tǒng)計 , 到 2020 年底我國寬帶用戶為 2500 萬 , 成為僅次于美國的第二大寬帶接入市場 , 其中主導(dǎo)技術(shù)是ADSL, 大約占 70%左右 , 其次是以太網(wǎng)技術(shù) , 還有少量寬帶無線接入和電纜調(diào)制解調(diào)器接入 , 對于 FTTH技術(shù)還處在跟蹤階段 , 少數(shù)發(fā)達城市也已經(jīng)在開始考慮和試驗各種 FTTHI 技術(shù) 。 需要指出 , 討論應(yīng)用驅(qū)動需要注意一個基本認(rèn)識上的誤區(qū) , 即不能寄希望于人為事先研究開發(fā)出一二項所謂“殺手锏應(yīng)用” 、 推廣應(yīng)用。我國 2020 年舉辦奧運會和 2020 年舉 辦世界博覽會這兩大事件將會在一定程度上 推進寬帶光纖接入網(wǎng)的發(fā)展。目前低成本光源已有望實現(xiàn) , 850nm 的 VCSEL 僅 需幾 美元 ,1310nm 的 VOSEL 已有突破 , 速率達 10Gb/s。然而其應(yīng)用卻在向包括接入網(wǎng)在內(nèi)的其他公用網(wǎng)領(lǐng)域擴展。 對于公用網(wǎng)住宅用戶應(yīng)用環(huán)境 ,點到點有源以太網(wǎng)系統(tǒng)采用有源業(yè)務(wù)集中點來替代無源點到 點系統(tǒng)的無源器件 , 使傳輸距離可以擴展到 120 公里之遠。這方面 PON技術(shù)就比較容易。 無源光網(wǎng)絡(luò) (PoN)是一種純介質(zhì)網(wǎng)絡(luò) , 其主要特點是在接入網(wǎng)中去掉了有源設(shè)備 , 從而避免了電磁干擾和雷電影響 , 減少了線路和外部設(shè)備的故障率 , 降低了相應(yīng)的運維成本。 PON的每 個 用戶成本隨著分享 OLT 的用戶數(shù)量的增加而迅速下降 , 因而最適合于分散的小企業(yè)和居民用戶 , 特別是那些用戶區(qū)域較分散 , 而每一區(qū)域用戶又相對集中的小面積密集用戶地區(qū) , 尤其是新建區(qū)域。 和 BPON 早期的窄帶無。 PON的主要缺點是一次性投入成本較高 , 因為局端光線路終端 OLT 很貴 ,光纖和分路器等無源基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施又必須一次到位 , 這樣當(dāng)用戶數(shù)較少或用戶分布超過某一限定距離時 , 每 個 用戶的成本很高。最后 , 由于其局端設(shè)備和光纖由用戶共享 , 因而線路成本較其他點到點通信方式要低 , 土建成本也可以明顯降低。主要是以太網(wǎng)技術(shù)的固有機制不提供端到端的包延時、包丟失率、帶寬控制 , 難以支持實時業(yè)務(wù)的服務(wù)質(zhì)量 , 缺乏安全機制保證等。缺點是兩端設(shè)備和光纖設(shè)施專用 , 用戶不能共享局 域 端設(shè)備和光纖 , 當(dāng)需求快速增長且用戶很密集時 , 光纖和兩端設(shè)備數(shù)量及其成本以 及空間需求也隨之迅速增加 , 因而不太適合高密集用戶區(qū)域。采用以太網(wǎng)作為企 事業(yè)用戶接入手段的主要原因是已有巨大的網(wǎng)絡(luò)基礎(chǔ)和長期的經(jīng)驗知識。 點到點有源以太網(wǎng)系統(tǒng) 由于計費、質(zhì)量、管理、安全等多種因素 , 以太網(wǎng)作為公用網(wǎng)接入方式尚需進一步改進。當(dāng)然 , 除了系統(tǒng)技術(shù)外 , 影響其應(yīng)用的因素很多 , 主要是業(yè)務(wù)和應(yīng)用以及管制政策。歷史上沒有一種技術(shù)生來就帶著一大堆應(yīng)用的 , 無論是移動通信還是互聯(lián)網(wǎng) , 其短信、瀏覽、網(wǎng)上聊天等關(guān)鍵應(yīng)用都是在用戶規(guī)模發(fā)展到一定程度后自然產(chǎn)生的 , 而不是事先刻意設(shè)計策劃出來的。此后 , 隨著業(yè)務(wù)的大規(guī)模拓展 , 開發(fā)新的業(yè)務(wù)成為繼續(xù)發(fā)展的動力。日本是世界上推進 FTTH 最激進的國家 , 2020 年其光纖就已經(jīng)通達 1800 萬多戶家庭 , 但是用戶發(fā)展滯后 , 大約為 200 萬 , 2020年計劃發(fā)展 1000 萬。美國 FOC 將寬帶業(yè)務(wù)定位為 2020— 2020 年的六大目標(biāo)之一 , 事實上寬帶接入正成為美國普遍服務(wù)的下一個目標(biāo)。按照 IDC 的預(yù)測 , 2020 年全球?qū)拵Э傆脩艨梢赃_到 億 , 其中, 即大約 2020 萬用戶為光纖接入網(wǎng)。歷史上沒有一種技術(shù)生來就帶著一大堆應(yīng)用的 , 無論是移動通信還是互聯(lián)網(wǎng) , 其短信、瀏覽、網(wǎng)上聊天等關(guān)鍵應(yīng)用都 是在用戶規(guī)模發(fā)展到一定程度后自然產(chǎn)生的 , 而不是事先刻意設(shè)計策劃出來的。接下來提出我國光 纖接入網(wǎng)的發(fā)展 可能跨越 APON、 BPON和 EPON階段 , 從寬帶點到點以太網(wǎng)光纖系統(tǒng)和 GEPON開始 ,乃至最終過渡到 GPON 階段的初步設(shè)想。 Next, because GPON and EPON/GEPON are select to the multispot star type or the shape of tree work, will need 1+1 and passes through the different route light work through one to realize the telemunication level protection to restore the request, the work cost extremely is high。 Has the general mapping form, may adapt any new old service。s band width may be higher, and can provide video frequency professional ability and good QOS The hardware is simple, does not need outdoor electronic installation, and enables the installment deployment work to simplify。s band width. According to 32 groups’ putations, each branch available band width only remains , again presses 10 user sharing, then each user only can obtain approximately the 2Mb/s band width. Obviously, such performance price pared to is unable to satisfy the work and the serv
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