【正文】 sign of a drawing. Theory, on the other hand, is the ability to demonstrate and explain the productions of dexterity on the principles of proportion. 2. It follows, therefore, that architects who have aimed at acquiring manual skill without scholarship have never been able to reach a position of authority to correspond to their pains, while those who relied only upon theories and scholarship were obviously hunting the shadow, not the substance. But those who have a thorough knowledge of both, like men armed at all points, have the sooner attained their object and carried authority with them. 3. In all matters, but particularly in architecture, there are these two points:the thing signified, and that which gives it its significance. That which is signified is the subject of which we may be speaking。 as, for example, in the case of the conducting of water. For at points of intake and at curves, and at places where it is raised to a level, currents of air naturally form in one way or another。 nor a musician like Aristoxenus, though not absolutely ignorant of music。 nor in the other sciences need he excel in each, though he should not be unskilful in them. For, in the midst of all this great variety of subjects, an individual cannot attain to perfection in each, because it is scarcely in his power to take in and prehend the general theories of them. 14. Still, it is not architects alone that cannot in all matters each perfection, but even men who individually practise specialties in the arts do not all attain to the highest point of merit. Therefore, if among artists working each in a single field not all, only a few in a n entire generation acquire fame, and that with difficulty, how can an architect, who has to be skilful in many acplish not merely the featin itself a great marvelof being deficient in none of them, but also that of surpassing all those artists who have devoted themselves with unremitting industry to single fields? 15. It appears, then, that Pytheos made a mistake by not observing that the arts are each posed of two things, the actual and the theory of it. One of these, the doing of the work, is proper to men trained in the individual subject, while the other, the theory, is mon to all scholars: for example, to physicians and musicians the rhythmical beat of the pulse and its metrical movement. But if there is a wound to be healed or a sick man to be saved from danger, the musician will not call, for the business will be appropriate to the physician. So in the case of a musical instrument, not the physician but the musician will be the man to tune it so that the ears may find their due pleasure in its strains. 16. Astronomers likewise have a mon ground for discussion with musicians in the harmony of the stars and musical concords in tetrads and triads of the fourth and the fifth, and with geometricians in the subject of vision (in Greek logos optikos)。 and finally, since reason, on account of the wide extent of the subject, concedes that he may possess not the highest but not even necessarily a moderate knowledge of the subjects of study, I request, Caesar, both of you and of those who may read the said books, that if anything is set forth with too little regard for grammatical rule, it may be pardoned. For it is not as a very great philosopher, nor as an eloquent rhetorician, nor as a grammarian trained in the highest principles of his art, that I have striven to write this work, but as an architect who has had only a dip into those studies. Still, as regards the efficacy of the art a nd the theories of it, I promise and expect that in these volumes I shall undoubtedly show myself of very considerable importance not only to builders but also to all scholars. 安徽理工大學畢業(yè)設(shè)計 （論文） Anhui University Of Science and Technology 8 中文翻譯 建筑師的培養(yǎng) 。而理論則可用比例的理論論證和說明以技巧建造的作品。 ，也存在著一下兩種事物，即被賦予意義的事物和賦予意義的事物。因此沒有學問的才能或沒有才能的學問都不可能造就出完美的技術(shù)人員。其次，要有制圖知識，依靠他們繪在圖紙上，就可以更容易 表現(xiàn)他所希望的建筑外貌的效果。同樣，通過光學把光線從天空的一