語法百科全書(文件)
【正文】 brother has been in the Youth League for two years. I have not heard from my uncle for a long time. 注意：并非有 for 作為時間狀語的句子都用現(xiàn)在完成時。 1) (對 ) Tom has studied Russian for three years. = Tom began to study Russian three years ago, and is 中國最龐大的實用下載資料庫 (負責整理 . 版權(quán)歸原作者所有 ) still studying it now. 2) (錯 ) Harry has got married for six years. = Harry began to get married six years ago, and is still getting married now. 顯然，第二句不對，它應(yīng)改為 Harry got married six years ago. 或 Harry has been married for six years. since 的四種用法 1) since +過去一個時間點 (如具體的年、月、日期、鐘點、 1980, last month, half past six)。ve known him since then. 我從那時起就認識他了。 He slept until ten o39。再次， several times 告知為反復發(fā)生的動作，因此用現(xiàn)在完成時。 那時以前 那時 現(xiàn)在 2） 用法 a. 在 told, said, knew, heard, thought 等動詞后的賓語從句。 He said that he had learned some English before. By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself. Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party. 典型例題 The students ___ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she ___ in the office. A. had written, left B， were writing, has left C. had written, had left D. were writing, had left 答案 D. 把書忘在辦公室 發(fā)生在 去取書 這一過去的動作之前，因此 忘了書 這一動作發(fā)生在過去的過去，用過去完成時。 When she saw the mouse， she screamed. My aunt gave me a hat and I lost it. 2 ) 兩個動作相繼發(fā)生，可用一般過去時；如第一個動作需要若干時間完成，用過去完成時。 They will have been married for 20 years by then. You will have reached Shanghai by this time tomorrow. 現(xiàn)在進行時 現(xiàn)在進行時的基本用法： a. 表示現(xiàn)在 ( 指說話人說話時 ) 正在發(fā)生的事情。 The leaves are turning red. 中國最龐大的實用下載資料庫 (負責整理 . 版權(quán)歸原作者所有 ) It39。t find C. has lost, haven39。 中國最龐大的實用下載資料庫 (負責整理 . 版權(quán)歸原作者所有 ) 2） 過去進行時的主要用法是描述一件事發(fā)生的背景；一個長動作發(fā)生的時候，另一個短動作發(fā)生。描述一件事發(fā)生的背景時，用過去進行；一個長動作發(fā)生的時候，另一個短動作發(fā)生。 She39。ll be lying on the beach. 一般現(xiàn)在時代替將來時 時間狀語從句，條件句中，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時代替將來時 When, while, before, after, till, once, as soon as, so long as, by the time, if, in case (that), unless, even if, whether, the moment, the minute, the day, the year, immediately He is going to visit her aunt the day he arrives in Beijing. 他一到北京，就去看他姨媽。 succeed D. would not give。 (2) 表示現(xiàn)在已安排好的未來事項，行程等活動。 The newspaper says that it39。s army now advances and the great battle begins. 一般現(xiàn)在時代替完成時 1) 有些動詞用一般現(xiàn)在時代替完成時： hear, tell, learn, write , understand, forget, know, find , say, remember. I hear (= have heard) he will go to London. I forget (=have forgotten) how old he is. 2) 句型 It is … since… 代替 It has been … since … 中國最龐大的實用下載資料庫 (負責整理 . 版權(quán)歸原作者所有 ) 3) It is (= has been) five years since we last met. 一般現(xiàn)在時代替進行時 1) 句型： Here es… ； There goes… Look, here es Mr. Li. 現(xiàn)在進行時代替將來時 1) 表示即將發(fā)生的或預定中計劃好的活動。 At that time, people did not know that the earth moves. He told me last week that he is eighteen. 中國最龐大的實用下載資料庫 (負責整理 . 版權(quán)歸原作者所有 ) 2) 賓語從句中的助動詞 ought, need, must, dare 時態(tài)是不變的。 2) 漸變動詞，如： get, run, grow, bee, begin 及 die。 2) 敘述往事，使其生動。 (實際上每天如此。本題有 He said，故為過去式。 had not succeeded B. would not give。ll be meeting him sometime in the future. 注意：將來 進行時不用于表示 意志 ，不能說 I39。 句中的 fell (fall的過去時 )，是系動詞，后跟形容詞，如： fall sick。同 時， when表時間的同時性， 瑪麗在做衣服時 提供事情發(fā)生的背景，因此用過去進行時。t found. 答案 D. 前句是一個仍在持續(xù)的狀態(tài)，應(yīng)用進行時，由于沒有找到，其影響仍然存在，應(yīng)用完成時，瞬 間動詞用于否定式時可用于完成時。
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