【正文】 ding for education and training ? 沒有一個(gè)現(xiàn)行的團(tuán)隊(duì)做示范 No ongoing group to model this behavior ? 不了解 six sigma 的系統(tǒng)思維 Don39。 fishbone) ? 頭腦風(fēng)暴工具通常用來找出和歸類一系列合乎邏輯的潛在原因 Brainstorming tool used to generate and anize a logical set of potential causes 根本原因樹 (失誤樹分析 )數(shù)字推論工具常用于劃分潛在原因 , 一直到找出根本原因 Root Cause Tree (Fault Tree Analysis) Data driven tool used to split potential causes while driving towards finding the root cause. 5個(gè)為什么分析 5 Why Analysis ? 此工具用合乎邏輯的方法將潛在原因和根本原因聯(lián)系起來 Tool used to link the logical path of potential causes to the root cause. 散點(diǎn)圖 Scatter Diagram ? 用圖形反映一個(gè)流程中的兩個(gè)變量之間可能存在或發(fā)生的關(guān)系 .(通常用來顯示根本原因和問題之間關(guān)系的強(qiáng)度 ) A graphical representation of possible relationships between two variables in a process (can be used to show strength of root cause to problem) 解決方案選擇分析 Solution Selection Analysis ? 用于從可能的解決方案中選擇最合適的解決方案 Tool used to select the most appropriate solution from a list of potential solutions. 分析及優(yōu)化 DA 4 Basic Tools Basic Tools Six Sigma Training 4 頭腦風(fēng)暴 Brainstorming 問題的定義沒有足夠的線索數(shù)據(jù)來明確從哪里開始著手尋找潛在原因 . This problem definition doesn39。DA 4 Basic Tools Basic Tools Six Sigma Training 1 Basic Tools 6s 基本工具 DA 4 Basic Tools Basic Tools Six Sigma Training 2 Basic Tools Analyze and Optimize 現(xiàn)在的問題是 … 團(tuán)隊(duì)可以用一些什么樣的簡(jiǎn)單分析和最優(yōu)化的工具幫助我們解決問題 ? Now that the problem is defined... What are some easy analysis and optimization tools the team can now use to help us solve this problem? 我們要保證團(tuán)隊(duì)從多方面考慮而不是只有最好的猜想 , 所以我們應(yīng)該 … We want to make sure the team considers more than just the first best guess so we should... 集體討論 (頭腦風(fēng)暴 )列出潛在原因 Brainstorm a list of potential causes, 找出現(xiàn)象的根本原因 Find the Root Cause showing... 一個(gè)合乎邏輯的數(shù)據(jù)推論路徑到根本原因 A logical data driven path to root cause, 檢驗(yàn)這種方法 Test this path to root cause, 把根本原因和問題聯(lián)系起來 Tie the root causes to the problem, 考慮多于一種解決方案并從中找出對(duì)所有相關(guān)人員最適宜的方案 Consider more than just one solution to find the optimum solution for everyone involved. 基本工具 _分析和優(yōu)化 DA 4 Basic Tools Basic Tools Six Sigma Training 3 Analyze and Optimize 頭腦風(fēng)暴 , 親合圖 和多層次投票法 Brainstorming, Affinity Diagram and Multivoting ? 團(tuán)隊(duì)常用這些工具提出 ,組織及按優(yōu)先順序排列解決問題的想法和建議 . Tools often used by teams to generate, anize and prioritize a list of ideas. 因果圖 (石川馨圖 。t have enough clue generation data to determine exactly where to start looking at potential causes for this problem. 團(tuán)隊(duì)在頭腦風(fēng)暴階段可能提出更多的想法 Maybe the team should conduct a Brainstorming session to generate more ideas. 頭腦風(fēng)暴階段有助于發(fā)掘很多非常好的潛在原因的建議 This brainstorming session will help to generate lots of good ideas for potential causes. 我們同樣可利用頭腦風(fēng)暴提出一個(gè)潛在解決方案清單 We can also use brainstorming to generate a list of potential solutions. 在我們用這個(gè)工具之前 ,我們要清楚什么是頭腦風(fēng)暴 ,從而確保我們能成功的使用它 . But before we do this lets make sure we understand what Brainstorming really is so we can set this session up for success. DA 4 Basic Tools Basic Tools Six Sigma Training 5 頭腦風(fēng)暴 Brainstorming ? 頭腦風(fēng)暴是指一個(gè)團(tuán)隊(duì)集合在一起圍繞一個(gè)特定的感興趣的問題來發(fā)掘新的意見或建議 Brainstorming is the name given to a situation when a group of people meet to generate new ideas around a specific area of interest. ? 用規(guī)則排除阻力 , 成員能夠自由思考 ,進(jìn)入新的思考范圍 , 產(chǎn)生很多新的建議和解決方案 . Using rules which remove inhibitions, people are able to think more freely and move into new areas of thought and so create numerous new ideas and solutions. ? 參加者說出他們想到的建議 , 然后在這些建議的基礎(chǔ)上再提出建議 .The participants shout out ideas as they occur to them and then build on the ideas raised by others. ? 所有建議都被記錄下來 , 不許有任何批評(píng) . 只有在頭腦風(fēng)暴階段結(jié)束時(shí) , 建議才會(huì)被評(píng)判 .All the ideas are noted down and are not criticized. Only when the brainstorming session is over are the ideas evaluated. ? 頭腦風(fēng)暴的其它定義 Some other Brainstorming definitions... ? 它是發(fā)掘新建議一種方法 , 尤其對(duì)導(dǎo)致問題的原因知之甚少時(shí) , A process for generating new ideas when there is little known causes for the problem. ? 對(duì)一個(gè)特殊問題發(fā)掘好的解決方案的一種方法 A process for generating list of good solution ideas for a specific problem. ? 在頭腦風(fēng)暴階段發(fā)掘建議時(shí) , 設(shè)法結(jié)合使用其它的工具 Try to use leverage off of other tools for generating ideas during the brainstorming session (SIPOC, Is/Is Not, FMEAs, Problem Definition, etc.,) 當(dāng)有極少的錯(cuò)誤發(fā)生時(shí) ,頭腦風(fēng)暴是非常好的工具 Brainstorming is very useful when few failures are available for contrasting against know good products., DA 4 Basic Tools Basic Tools Six Sigma Training 6 ? 達(dá)成一致意見并寫出問題陳述 Agree on and write down the problem statement ? 如果問題的定義已明確 ,會(huì)很容易做 Easily done if the Problem Definition is plete ? 允許每一位團(tuán)隊(duì)成員發(fā)表意見 – 不許批評(píng) Allow each team member to contribute No Criticism ? 輪流或自由發(fā)表意見 , 讓每個(gè)人都參加 In rotation, or free flow, make everyone participate ? 在活動(dòng)掛板或便事貼上列出所有建議 List all ideas on Flipchart or use PostIt Notes ? 繼續(xù)發(fā)掘建議直到再也找不出為止 Continue until ideas are exhausted... ? 對(duì)建議不要有個(gè)人觀點(diǎn)的評(píng)判 Postpone and withhold personal judgment of ideas ? 鼓勵(lì) 發(fā)散性的思維 Encourage wild and exaggerated ideas ? 記下建議的數(shù)量 (越多越好 )Remember that the quantity of ideas count (more the better) ? 在現(xiàn)有建議的基礎(chǔ)上提出其它的建議 Build on the ideas put forward by others ? 人人平等 , 對(duì)每個(gè)建議都沒有偏見 Every person and every idea has equal worth ? 重新檢查清單 ,注意是否清楚或有重復(fù) Review list for clarity/duplicates ? 組織整理清單 , 合乎邏輯的進(jìn)行分類 (親合圖 )Organize list into logical categories (Affinity Diagram) 如何使用頭腦風(fēng)暴 How to Conduct a Brainstorming Session DA 4 Basic Tools Basic Tools Six Sigma Training 7 親合圖 Affinity Diagram 現(xiàn)在團(tuán)隊(duì)有了一個(gè)建議的清單 … 他們?cè)鯓咏M織歸納這些建議 ? Now the team has a good list of ideas... how can the they anize these ideas into something they can work with? 頭腦風(fēng)暴階段 … 哪些建議是相關(guān)的 , 重復(fù)的 , 好的 ,差的 , 等等 … From the Brainstorming session… what ideas are related, repetitive, better, worse, etc.. 讓團(tuán)隊(duì)利用親合圖工具把這些問題挑選出來 Lets have the team use an Affinity Diagram to sort out these issues. DA 4 Basic Tools Basic Tools Six Sigma Training 8 親合圖 Affinity Diagram 親合圖是一種方法 ,小組利用它組織歸納想法 ,建議或問題等 . An Affinity Diagram is a