【正文】
在設(shè)計(jì)、施工及材料設(shè)備選擇等方面,都比一般室內(nèi)給排水工程提出了更高的要求。由于我國城市化進(jìn)程的加快和國民經(jīng)濟(jì)的高速發(fā)展,水環(huán)境污染和水資源短缺日趨嚴(yán)重。目前,許多城市由于水資源不足影響了當(dāng)?shù)氐纳鐣?jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展,全國每年因?yàn)樗Y源短缺而造成的經(jīng)濟(jì)損失高達(dá) 2021 多億 元 [1] 。 [關(guān)鍵詞 ]: 居民住宅 高層建筑 給排水 消防給水工程 Abstract: China is a relative paucity of water resources, and the spatial and temporal distribution of the country is uneven. Because we are the accelerated process of urbanization and the rapid development of the national economy, increasing water pollution and water shortage. Currently, many cities because of water shortage affecting the local socioeconomic development, water shortages throughout the country each year because of the economic loss caused by more than 2,000 billion. With the development of the city construction and tourism, many cities of our country construct and plan to construct a lot of public and residential buildings over 10 stories in recent years. The output and pressure of water and the security of water supply and sewerage are highly demanded. Thereby, the indoor water supply and sewerage engineering and fire 第 2 頁 demand supply engineering of tall building demand higher at the design ,construction and selection of material and equipment than average indoor water supply and sewerage engineering. 一、 給水系統(tǒng)的分類和組成 建筑內(nèi)部的給水系統(tǒng)是將城鎮(zhèn)給水管網(wǎng)或自備水 源給水管網(wǎng)的水引入室內(nèi),經(jīng)配水管送至生活、生產(chǎn)和消防用水設(shè)備,并滿足各用水點(diǎn)對水量、水壓和水質(zhì)的要求的冷水供應(yīng)系統(tǒng)。生產(chǎn)用水應(yīng)根據(jù)工藝要求,提供所需的水質(zhì)、水量和水壓。合理的供水方案,應(yīng)綜合工程涉及的各項(xiàng)因素如技術(shù)因素包括:供水可靠性,水質(zhì),對城市給水系統(tǒng)的影響,節(jié)水節(jié)能效果,操作管理,自動化程度等;經(jīng)濟(jì)因素包括:基建投資,年經(jīng)常費(fèi)用,現(xiàn)值等;社會和環(huán)境的因素包括:對建筑里立面和城市觀瞻的影響,對結(jié)構(gòu)和基礎(chǔ)的 影響,占地面積,對環(huán)境的影響,建設(shè)難度和建設(shè)周期,抗寒防凍性能,分期建設(shè)的靈活性,對使用帶來的影響等,采用綜合評判法確 定。在低峰用水時,可利用室外給水管網(wǎng)水壓直接給水并向水箱進(jìn)水,水箱進(jìn)行貯備水量。當(dāng)建筑內(nèi)用水量大而且較均勻時,可用定速水泵供水;當(dāng)建筑屋內(nèi)用水不均勻時,適宜采用一臺或多臺水泵變速運(yùn)行供水,以提高水泵的工作效率。所以設(shè)該給水方式得經(jīng)過有關(guān)部門的允許。 : 氣壓給水方式即在給水系統(tǒng)中設(shè)置氣壓給水設(shè)備,利用該設(shè)備的氣壓水罐內(nèi)氣體的可壓縮性,升壓供水。 :分質(zhì)給水方式即根據(jù)不同用途所需的不同水質(zhì),分別設(shè)置獨(dú)立的給水系統(tǒng)。在北方地區(qū)為了防凍而另設(shè)管道井,各種管道排列于管