【正文】 the very lowest standards of today call the necessities of see millions of families trying to live on ines so meager that the pall of family disaster hangs over them day by see millions whose daily lives in city and on farm continue under conditions labeled indecent by a socalled polite society half a century see millions denied education , recreation , and the opportunity to better their lot and the lot of their see millions lacking the means to buy the products of farm and factory and by their poverty denying work and productiveness to many other see onethird of a nation illclad , illhoused , is not in despair that I paint you that paint it for you in hopebecause the Nation , seeing and understanding the injustice in it , proposes to paint it are determined to make every American citizen the subject of his country’s interest and concern。for we have begun to bring private autocratic powers into their proper subordination to the public’s legend that they were invincible—above and beyond the processesof a democracy—has been have been challenged and progress out of the depression is that is not all that you and I mean by the new order of pledge was not merely to do a patchwork job with secondhand using the new materials of social justice we have undertaken to erect on the old foundations a more enduring structure for the better use of future that purpose we have been helped by achievements of mind and truths have been relearned。to end by action ,tireless and unafraid , the stagnation and despair of that did those first things covenant with ourselves did not stop we recognized a deeper needthe need to find through government the instrument of our united purpose to solve for the individual the everrising problems of a plex attempts at their soluation without the aid of government had left us baffled and , without that aid ,we had been unable to create those moral controls over the services of science which are necessary to make science a useful servant instead of a ruthless master of do this we knew that we must find practical controls over blind economic forces and blindly selfish of Republic sensed the truth that democratic government has innate capacity to protect its people against disasters once considered inevitable ,to solve problems once considered would not admit that we could not find a way to master economic epidemics just as , after centuries of fatalistic suffering , we had found a way to master epidemics of refused to leave the problems of our mon welfare to be solved by the winds of chance and the hurricanes of this we Americans were discovering no wholly new truth。富蘭克林獎，主要獎勵取得重大科學(xué)成就的婦女科學(xué)家。英國女作家Brenda Maddox 撰寫了關(guān)于羅莎琳的傳記，并在Nature 雜志為DNA 雙螺旋結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)表50 周年而發(fā)表的?？献模瑢α_莎琳給予很高的評價。結(jié)果對富蘭克林無疑是一個巨大的打擊，她被診斷得了卵巢癌，而且已到了晚期。富蘭克林在1952 年底就確定的DNA 雙螺旋一些基本特征，并且結(jié)合后來的實驗數(shù)據(jù)更加確定了她的猜想，并在1953年3 月17 日將研究結(jié)果整理成文，但就在準備發(fā)表時，卻發(fā)現(xiàn)沃森和克里克破解DNA 結(jié)構(gòu)的消息已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)在新聞簡報中了，于是只能將論文做了一下適當(dāng)修改，也將論文提交給《Nature》雜志并在4 月25 日那期上發(fā)表。1952 年底，富蘭克林又得到了B 型DNA 可以說非常完美的衍射照片，并且由照片初步得出了DNA 的輪廓，如DNA 為雙螺旋，兩條鏈向兩個相反方向伸展，磷酸排列在鏈的外側(cè)，堿基排列在內(nèi)側(cè)， 的間距，螺旋的直徑為20A。可以說，這為最終闡明DNA 的結(jié)構(gòu)邁出了至關(guān)重要的一步。憑著嫻熟的技術(shù)和改進的方法，富蘭克林和戈斯林很快就發(fā)現(xiàn)DNA 存在兩種形式：A 型和B 型。ring，他在使用X射線衍射技術(shù)來研究像煤這樣的不完美晶體方面變得非常精通，在當(dāng)時已經(jīng)成為用X射線方面的專家來從事生物學(xué)方面的研究工作，不久富蘭克林就被聘為國王學(xué)院的研究員，而加入到用X射線衍射技術(shù)來研究DNA 的結(jié)構(gòu)當(dāng)中。富蘭克林在劍橋大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)期間更加刻苦，特別是在物理和化學(xué)方面傾注了更多的心血，從而在自然科學(xué)理論方面打下了堅實的基礎(chǔ)。富蘭克林家族的人員具有非常良好的品質(zhì)：有信心、有能力、有影響力、對社會有思考力、見多識廣等，而她的父親Ellis Franklin 也不例外，他本身是一位成功的商業(yè)銀行家，具有一