【正文】
and future prospects to determine its :為決定一家公司的價值而對其會計報表和未來前景進行的研究。Risk averse: exhibiting a dislike of :不喜歡不確定性。第十九章 THE BASIC TOOLS OF FINANCE基本金融工具Finance: the field that studies how people make decisions regarding the allocation of resources over time and the handling of :研究人們如何在某一時期內做出關于配置資源和應對風險的學科。Budget surplus is an excess of tax revenue over government :稅收收入大于政府支出的余額。Mutual fund is an institution that sells shares to the public and uses the proceeds to buy a portion of stocks and :向公眾出售股份,并用收入來購買股票于債券資產組合的機構。Financial markets are financial institutions through which savers can directly provide funds to :儲蓄者可以通過它直接向借款者提供資金的金融機構。Technological knowledge is society’s understanding of the bes ways to produce goods and :社會對生產物品與勞務的最好方法的了解。第十七章 PRODUCTION AND GROWTH生產與增長Productivity is the amount of goods and services produced from each hour of a worker’s :每單位勞動投入所生產的物品和勞務的數量。Producer price index(PPI)is a measure of the cost of a basket of goods and services bought by :企業(yè)購買的一籃子物品與勞務的費用的衡量指標。Real GDP is the production of goods and services valued at constant :按不變價格評價的物品和服務的生產。Investment is spending on capital equipment inventories, and structures, including household purchases of new :用于資本設備、存貨和建筑物的支出,包括家庭用于購買新住房的支出。第一篇:曼昆宏觀經濟學名詞解釋 (中英文)宏觀經濟學第十五章MEASUREING A NATION’S INCOME一國收入的衡量Microeconomics the study of how households and firms make decisions and how they interact in :研究家庭和企業(yè)如何做出決策,以及他們如何在市場上相互交易。Government purchases are spending on goods and services by local, state, and federal :地方、州和聯邦政府用于物品和與勞務的支出。GDP deflator is a measure of the price level calculated as the ratio of nominal GDP to real GDP times :用名義GDP與實際GDP的比率計算的物價水平衡量指標。Indexation:the automatic correction of a dollar amount for the effects of inflation by law or 。Physical capital is the stock of equipment and structures that are used to produce goods and :用于生產物品與勞務的設備和建筑物存量。Diminishing returns are the property whereby the benefit from an extra unit of an input declines as the quantity of the input :隨著投入量的增加,每一單位額外投入得到的收益減少的特性。Bond is a certificate of indebtedness 債券:一種債務證明書。National saving(saving)is the total ine in the economy that remains after paying for consumption and government (儲蓄):在用于消費和政府購買后剩下的一個經濟中的收入。Budget deficit is a shortfall of tax revenue from government spending 預算赤字:政府支出引起的稅收收入短缺。Present value: the amount of money today that would be needed to produce,using prevailing interest rates, a given future amount of :用現行利率生產一定量未來貨幣所需要的現在貨幣量。Diversification:the reduction of risk achieved by replacing a single risk with a large number of smaller unrelated :通過用大量不相關的小風險代替一種風險來降低風險。Efficient markets hypothesis: the theory that asset prices reflect all publicly available information about the value of an :認為資產價格反映了關于一種資產價值的所有公開的、可獲得的信息的理論。Unemployment rate is the percentage of the labor force that is :勞動力中失業(yè)者所占的百分比。Discouraged workers are individuals who would like to work but have given up looking for a job 喪失信心的工人:想工作但已放棄尋找工作的人。Unemployment insurance is a government program that partially protects workers’ ines when they became :當工人失業(yè)時為他們提供部分收入保障的政府計劃。第二十一章THE MONETARY SYSTEM 貨幣制度Money is the set of assets in an economy that people regularly use to buy goods and services from other :經濟中人們經常用于向其他人購買物品與勞務的一組資產。Liquidity is the ease with which an asset can be converted into the economy’s medium of :一種資產兌換為經濟中交換媒介的容易程度。Demand deposits are balances in bank accounts that depositions can access on demand by writing a :儲戶可以通過開支票而隨時支取的銀行賬戶余額。Monetary policy is the setting of the money supply by policymakers in the central bank 貨幣政策:中央銀行的決策者對貨幣供給的安排。Money multiplier is the amount of money the banking system generates with each dollar of reserve 貨幣乘數:銀行體系用1美元準備金所產生的貨幣量。第二十二章 MONEY GROWTH AND INFLATION 貨幣增長與通貨膨脹Quantity theory of money:a theory asserting that the quantity of money available determines the price level and that the growth rate in the quantity of money available determines the inflation rate 貨幣數量論:一種認為可得到的貨幣量覺決定物價水平,可得到的貨幣量的增長率決定通貨膨脹率的理論。Monetary neutrality is the proposition that changes in the money supply do not affect real :認為貨幣供給變動并不影響真實變量的觀點。Fisher effect is the oneforone adjustment of the nominal interest rate to the inflation :名義利率對通貨膨脹率所進行的一對一的調整。Depression is a severe :嚴重的衰退。第二十四章 THE INFLUERNCE OF MONETARY AND FISCAL POLICY ON AGGREGATE DEMAND 貨幣政策和財政政策對總需求的影響Theory of liquidity preference is Keynes’s theory that the interest rate adjusts to bring money supply and money demand into :凱恩斯的理論,認為利率的調整使貨幣供給與貨幣需求平衡。第二篇:曼昆經濟學原理名詞解釋《經濟學原理(上)》中的名詞解釋歸納稀缺性:社會資源的有限性。機會成本:為了得到某種東西所必須放棄的東西。外部性:一個人的行為對旁觀者福利的影響。1菲利普斯曲線:通貨膨脹與失業(yè)之間的短期權衡取舍。1微觀經濟學:研究家庭和企業(yè)如何做出決策,以及它們在市場上的相互交易。2絕對優(yōu)勢:根據生產率比較一種物品的生產者。2市場:某種物品或勞務的一群買者與賣者。2需求表:表示一種物品價格與需求量之間關系的表格。3替代品:一種物品價格上升引起另一種物品需求增加的兩種物品。3供給表:表示一種物品價格與供給量之間關系的表格。4均衡數量:當價格調整到使供給與需求平衡時的供給量與需求量。4彈性:需求量或供給量對其決定因素中某一種的反應程度的衡量。4需求的交叉價格彈性:衡量一種物品需求量對另一種物品價格變動的反應程度,用第一種物品需求量變動百分比除以第二種物品價格變動百分比來計算。5稅收歸宿:關于由誰來承擔稅收負擔的研究。5成本:賣者為了生產一種物品必須放棄的每種東西的價值。6無謂損失:稅收引起的總剩余減少。6外部性:一個人的行為對旁觀者福利的影響。6庇古稅:用于糾正負外部性影響的稅收。7公共物品:既無排他性又無競爭性的物品。7公有地悲?。阂粋€寓言,說明從整個社會的角度看為什么公有資源的使用大于合意的水平。8邊際稅率:增加1美元收入支出的額外稅收。8縱向平等:主張支付能力高的納稅人應該交納更多稅的思想。8累進稅:高收入納稅人交納的稅收在收入中的比例高于低收入納稅人的稅收。9顯性成本:要求企業(yè)支出貨幣的投入成本。9生產函數:用于生產一種物品的投入量與該物品產量之間的關系。10可變成本:隨著產量變動而變動的成本。10邊際成本:額外一單位產量所引起的總成本的增加。10規(guī)模收益不變:長期平均總成本隨產量增加而保持不變的特性。11沉沒成本:已經發(fā)生而且無法收回的成本。11寡頭:只有幾個提供相似或相同產品的賣者的市場結構。12納什均衡:相互作用的經濟主體在假定所有其他主體所選戰(zhàn)略為既定的情況下選擇自己最優(yōu)戰(zhàn)略的狀態(tài)。國內生產總值(GDP):在某一既定時期一個國家內生產的所有最終物品與勞務的市場價值。12凈出口:外國人對國內生產的物品的支出(出口)減國內居民對外國物品的支出(進口)。消費物價指數(CPI):普通消費者所購買的物品與勞務的總費用的衡量指標(也是指導宏觀經濟學政策的關鍵變量)。名義利率:通常公布的,未根據通貨膨脹的影響校正的利率。人力資本:工人通過教育、培訓和經驗而獲得的知識與技能。追趕效應:開始時貧窮的國家傾向于比開始時富裕的國家增長更快的特征。是規(guī)定借款人對債券持有人負有責任的證明。國民儲蓄(儲蓄):在用于消費和政府購買后剩下的一個經濟中的總收入。預算赤字:政府支出引起的稅收收入的短缺?,F值:用現行利率生產一定量未來貨幣所需要的現在貨幣量。多元化:通過用大量不相關的小風險代替一種風險來降低風險。有效市場假說:認為資產價格反映了關于一種資產價值的所有公開的、可獲得的信息的理論。失業(yè)率: