鋰電池的發(fā)展過程簡介相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)翻譯-wenkub
2022-12-17 00:45:02 本頁面
【正文】 tute of Technology)的 和 發(fā)現(xiàn)鋰離子具有嵌入石墨的特性，此過程是快速的，并且可逆。在 Liion 的充放電過程中，鋰離子處于從正極 → 負(fù)極 → 正極的運(yùn)動狀態(tài)。電 池組裝完成后電池即有電壓不需充電。 發(fā)展歷史 早期鋰電池 鋰離子電池 (Liion Batteries)是鋰電池發(fā)展而來。鋰電池發(fā)展簡介 鋰離子電池是一種充電電池，它主要依靠鋰離子在正極和負(fù)極之間移動來工作。所以在介紹 Liion 之前，先介紹鋰電池。這種電池也可以充電，但循環(huán)性能不好，在充放電循環(huán)過程中容易形成鋰結(jié)晶，造成電池內(nèi)部短路，所以一般情況下這種電池是禁止充電的。 Liion Batteries 就像一把搖椅，搖椅的兩端為電池的兩極，而鋰離 子就象運(yùn)動員一樣在搖椅來回奔跑。與此同時，采用金屬鋰制成的鋰電池，其安全隱患備受關(guān)注，因此人們嘗試?yán)娩囯x子嵌入石墨的特性制作充電 電池。 1989 年， 和 發(fā)現(xiàn)采用聚合陰離子的正極將產(chǎn)生更高的電壓。 1996 年 Padhi 和 Goodenough 發(fā)現(xiàn)具有橄欖石結(jié)構(gòu)的磷酸鹽，如磷酸鐵鋰(LiFePO4)，比傳統(tǒng)的正極材料更具安全性，尤其耐高溫，耐過充電性能遠(yuǎn)超過傳統(tǒng)鋰離子電池材料。正因?yàn)殇囯x子電池的體積比能量和質(zhì)量比能量高，可充且無污染，具備當(dāng)前電池工業(yè)發(fā)展的三大特點(diǎn)，因此在發(fā)達(dá)國家中有較快的增長。 [3] 組成部分 鋼殼 /鋁殼 /圓柱 /軟包裝系列： （ 1）正極 —— 活性物質(zhì)一般為錳酸鋰或者鈷酸鋰，鎳鈷錳酸鋰材料，電動自行車則普遍用鎳鈷錳酸鋰（俗稱三元）或者三元 +少量錳酸鋰，純的錳酸鋰和磷酸鐵鋰則由于體積大、性能不好或成本高而逐漸淡出。 （ 4）有機(jī)電解液 —— 溶解有六氟磷酸鋰的碳酸酯類溶劑，聚合物的則使用凝膠狀電解液。因此，在電池上有保護(hù)元器件或保護(hù)電路以防止昂貴的電池?fù)p壞。正確地使用鋰離子電池對延長電池壽命是十分重要的 。鋰離子電池的終止放電電壓為 ～ (電池廠給出工作電壓范圍或給出終止放電電壓，各參數(shù)略有不同，一般為 ，磷鐵為 )。鋰離子電池對溫度有一定要求，工廠給出了充電溫度范圍、放電溫度范圍及保存溫度范圍，過壓充電會造成鋰離子電池永久性損壞。 鋰離子電池充電分為兩個階段：先恒流充電，到接近終止電壓時改為恒壓充電。自放電小，好的電池，每月在2%以下（可恢復(fù)）。使用壽命長。同樣，當(dāng)對電池進(jìn)行放電時（即我們使 用電池的過程），嵌在負(fù)極碳層中的鋰離子脫出，又運(yùn)動回正極。就跟倒啤酒一樣，倒太快的話會產(chǎn)生泡沫，反而不滿。 第二，絕對不能過放電！鋰電池最 怕過放電，一旦放電電壓低于 ，將可能導(dǎo)致電池報廢。鋰離子電池是指以鋰離子嵌入化合物為正極材料電池的總稱。 Lithium battery development Lithium ion battery is a rechargeable battery, it mainly rely on lithium ion moves between the positive and negative to work. In the process of charging and discharging, Li + embedded back and forth between the two electrodes and embedded off: when the rechargeable battery, Li + embedded from the anode, after anode, electrolyte embedded in the cathode in the rich lithium state。, referred to as the LIB) and Polymer Lithium Ion batteries, Polymer Lithium Ion 39。t discharge. Once the lithium battery is the most afraid of discharge, discharge voltage is lower than V, could lead to battery scrap. In the mobile phone inside the battery has been installed protection circuit, didn39。 But lithium batteries, lithium iron phosphate battery anode materials with 20 C can even bigger (C is the capacity of the battery, such as C = 800 mah, 1 C charge rate the charging current is 800 ma) of large current charge and discharge, especially suitable for electric vehicle use. So the battery production factories give maximum discharge current, in use should be less than the maximum discharge current. Lithium ion batteries have certain requirements for temperature, plant the charging temperature, discharge temperature range and temperature range, overvoltage rechargeable lithiumion batteries, permanent damage. Lithium ion battery charging current should be on the advice of the battery factory, and ask the limited current circuit in order to avoid happened flow (overheating). General mon charging ratio is C ~ 1 C. Tend to detect when large current charging the battery temperature, to prevent overheating damage to the battery or explosion. Lithium ion batteries are divided into two stages: the first constant current charging, to about the termination voltage to constant voltage charging. Example a 800 mah battery, the capacity of its termination of charging voltage of V. Battery at 800 ma (charge rate for 1 c) constant current charging, battery voltage with a larger slope booster at the beginning, when the battery voltage close to V to V constant voltage charging, gradual decline current, voltage change is not big, the charging current to 1/1050 c (GeChang have different value, does not affect use), close to
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