【正文】 use livers, and found that 46 changed with age in the normally fed changes were associated with things like inflammation and free radical production 一probably bad news for mouse the mice that had dieted all their lives,27 of those 46 genes continued to behave like young the most surprising finding was that the mice that only started dieting in old age also benefited from 70 per cent of these gene changes.This is the first indication that these effects kick in pretty quickly,‖ says Huber Warner from the National Institute on Aging near Washington one yet knows if calorie restriction works in people as it does in mice, but Spindler is hopeful.―There‘s attracting and tempting evidence out there that it will work,‖ he it does work in people,there might be good reasons for rejuvenating the we get older, our bodies are less efficient at metabolizing drugs, for brief period of time of dieting, says Spindler, could be enough to make sure a drug is Spindler isn‘t sure the tradeoff is worth it.―The mice get less disease, they live longer, but they‘re hungry,‖ he says.―Even seeing what a diet does, it‘s still hard to go to a restaurant and say: ?I can only eat half of that,.‖Spindler hopes we soon won‘t need to diet at pany, Lifespan Genetics in California, is looking for drugs that have the effects of calorie ：meager youthful vigor ，活力metabolize （一種物質(zhì)）進(jìn)入新陳代謝過程genetic rejuvenation ，返老還童 注釋： on to ：繼續(xù)保留。metabolize drugs：代謝藥物，即―使藥物參與新陳代謝以提高藥效‖。 in：意為―開始起作用‖。練習(xí)： to the passage, which of the following is NOT true? A Eating less than usual might make us live If we go on a diet when old, we may keep Dieting might not be We have to begin dieting since does the author mention an elderly mouse in paragraph 2? A To describe the influence of old age on To illustrate the effect of meager food on To tell us how mice‘s liver genes To inform us of the process of metabolizing can be inferred about pletely normally fed mice mentioned in the passage? A They will not experience free radical They will experience more genetic rejuvenation in their They have more old liver genes to behave like young They are more likely to suffer from to the author, which of the following most interested the researchers?A The mice that started dieting in old 27 of those 46 old genes that continued to behave like young Calorie restriction that works in Dieting that makes sure a drug is to the last two paragraphs, Spindler believes that A calorie restriction is very important to young seeing the effect of a diet, people will like to eat less than dieting is not a good method to give us health and long drugs do not have the effects of calorie ：―節(jié)食可能不是非做不可的事‖，第二句講―即使上了年紀(jì)再節(jié)食，我們?nèi)匀挥锌赡茉诤艽蟪潭壬媳３智啻夯盍Α虼?，―我們必須從小就開始節(jié)食‖是錯(cuò)誤的，D是答案。―最驚人的‖自然是―最令研究人員感興趣的‖。所以我們可以推知，他認(rèn)為節(jié)食不是得以健康長壽的好辦法。雖然老鼠的肝部基因恢復(fù)活力不會(huì)逆轉(zhuǎn)它們?cè)谄渌矫娴睦匣菂s有助于這些老鼠的肝臟對(duì)藥物的新陳代謝和清除毒素。而對(duì)于那些終身都在節(jié)食的老鼠來說，那 46種基因中的 27 種仍然繼續(xù)保持著青春活力。‖ 如果這確實(shí)也對(duì)人類有效，我們有理由相信肝臟也可能恢復(fù)活力。―老鼠患病少了，壽命延長了，但是它們很饑餓，‖他說，―即使能清楚地認(rèn)識(shí)到節(jié)食的功效，人們?nèi)匀缓茈y在餐館中說自己只能吃一半的食物。3． ．．．being cold doesn‘t have anything to do with getting one。5．Being infected by one makes you immune to itbut only ——但只是對(duì)這種（病毒）而言。感冒這一名稱的由來是因?yàn)檫@種病癥常見于冬天。為什么小孩比父母更加容易得感冒？答案很簡(jiǎn)單。被一種病毒感染后人體就會(huì)產(chǎn)生對(duì)它的免疫力。感冒病毒最集中的地方是小孩的拇指甲蓋里，盡管在皮膚等光滑表面上病毒也能存活幾個(gè)小時(shí)。也可以試試一些偏方，用熱開水加糖（或蜂蜜）和檸檬汁內(nèi)服，這個(gè)方法也很管用。答案B與第一段第四句的意義相吻合，因此是正確答案。B項(xiàng)與第二段最后一句意思一樣，是正確答案。C級(jí)押題Warm People Likely to Keep Cold atBay Staying positive2 through the cold season could be your best defense against getting ill, new study findings an experiment that exposed healthy volunteers to a cold or flu virus3, researchers found that people with a generally sunny disposition4 were less likely to fall findings, published in the journal Psychosomatic Medicine, build on evidence that a ―positive emotional style‖5 can help ward off the mon cold and other believe the reasons may be both objective as in happiness boosting immune function and subjective as in happy people being less troubled by a scratchy throat6 or runny nose.―People with a positive emotional style may have different immune responses to the virus,‖ explained lead study author Dr Sheldon Cohen of Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh.―And when they do get a cold, they may interpret their illness as being less severe.‖Cohen and his colleagues had found in a previous study that happier people seemed less susceptible to7 catching a cold, but some questions remained as to8 whether the emotional trait itself had the the new study, the researchers had 193 healthy adults plete standard measures of personality traits, selfperceived health and emotional ―style‖.Those who tended to be happy, energetic and easygoing were judged as having a positive emotional style, while those who were often unhappy, tense and hostile had a negative researchers gave them nasal drops containing either a cold virus or a particular flu the next six days, the volunteers reported on any aches, pains, sneezing or congestion they had, while the researchers collected objective data, like daily mucus and his colleagues found that based on objective measures of nasal woes, happy people were less likely to develop a ：bay／n．絕境，窮途末路flu／（influenza的簡(jiǎn)稱）n．流(行性)感（冒）virus ／disposition ／n．本性，性情psychosomatic ／，身心的boost／vt．a(chǎn)mp。expose原意是―使暴露，使面臨‖，這里expose sb．to sth．是―使……接觸……‖的意思?？陀^原因是積極樂觀的情緒有助于增強(qiáng)免疫系統(tǒng)的功能，而主觀原因則是：心情快樂的人較少受到咽痛和流鼻涕的困擾。其中那些更傾向于心情愉快、精力充沛且平易近人的受試者為積極情緒型，而那些總是心情不快、緊張并對(duì)旁人心存敵意的受試者則屬于消極情緒類型。練習(xí)： to a study author, when people with a positive emotional style do get a cold, they may think Athat their illness is very That their illness is not so that they do not get any illness at that the illness they get is not a mild with a positive emotional style may have all of the following characteristics EXCEPT A of the following is NOT one of the characteristics that people with a negative emotional style may have？ A did the researchers test their volunteers? ABy giving everyone nasal drops containing either a cold virus or a particular flu By gi