【正文】 eQuestions 31 to 35 are based on the following (美國鐵路客運公司)was experiencing a downswing in ridership(客運量)along the lines prising its rail major concern to Amtrak and its advertising agency DDB Needham, were the longdistance western routes where ridership had been declining significantly.] At one time, trains were the only practical way to cross the vast areas of the were fast, very luxurious, and quite convenient pared to other forms of transportation existing at the , times change and the automobile became America’s standard of , air travel had easily established itself as the fastest method of traveling great , the task for DDB Needham was to encourage consumers to consider other aspects of train travel in order to change their attitudes and increase the likelihood that trains would be considered for travel in the portions of the total market were targeted: 1)anxious fliers—those concerned with safety, relaxation, and cleanliness and 2)travellovers—those viewing themselves as relaxed, casual, and interested in the travel experience as part of their agency then developed a campaign that focused on travel experiences such as freedom, escape, relaxation, and enjoyment of the great western stressed experiences gained by using the trains and portrayed western train trips as wonderful showed pictures of the beautiful scenery that could be enjoyed along some of the more famous western routes and emphasized the romantic names of some of these trains(Empire Builder, etc.).These ads were strategically placed among familyoriented TV shows and programs involving nature and America in order to most effectively reach target were Empire Builder, which was focused on in one ad, enjoyed a 15 percent increase in profits on its Chicago to Seattle ’s the author’s purpose in writing this passage?A)To show the inability of trains to pete with planes with respect to speed and )To stress the influence of the automobile on America’s standard of )To emphasize the function of travel agencies in market )To illustrate the important role of persuasive munication in changing consumer can be inferred from the passage that the drop in Amtrak ridership was due to the fact that )trains were not suitable for short distance passenger transportationB)trains were not the fastest and most convenient form of transportationC)trains were not as fast and convenient as they used to beD)trains could not pete with planes in terms of luxury and convenience encourage consumers to travel by train, DDB Needham emphasized )the freedom and convenience provided on trainsB)the practical aspects of train travelC)the adventurous aspects of train tripsD)the safety and cleanliness of train trips train ads were placed among familyoriented TV programs involving nature and America because )they could focus on meaningful travel experiencesB)they could increase the effectiveness of the TV programsC)their profits could be increased by some 15 percentD)most travellovers and nervous fliers were believed to be among the audiences to the passage, the Empire Builder enjoyed an increase in ridership and profits because )the attractiveness of its name and route was effectively advertisedB)it provided an exciting travel experienceC)its passengers could enjoy the great western outdoorsD)it was widely advertised in newspapers and magazines in Chicago and SeattlePassage FourQuestions 36 to 40 are based on the following does cram go bad faster than butter? Some researchers think they have the answer, and it es down to the structure of the food, not its chemical position—a finding that could help rid some processed foods of chemical and butter contain pretty much the same substances, so why cream should sour much faster has been a are emulsions—tiny globules(小球體)of one liquid evenly distributed throughout difference lies in what’s in the globules and what’s in the surrounding liquid, says Brocklehurst, who led the cream, fatty globules drift about in a sea of butter, globules of a watery solution are locked away in a sea of bacteria which make the food go bad prefer to live in the watery regions of the mixture.“This means that in cream, the bacteria are free to grow throughout the mixture,” he the situation is reversed, the bacteria are locked away in partments(隔倉室)buried deep in the sea of in this way, individual colonies cannot spread and rapidly run out of nutrients(養(yǎng)料).They also slowly poison themselves with their waste products.“In butter, you get a selflimiting system which stops the bacteria growing,” says researchers are already working with food panies keen to see if their products can be made resistant to bacterial attack through alterations to the food’s believes it will be possible to make the emulsions used in salad cream, for instance, more like that in key will be to do this while keeping the salad cream liquid and not turning it into a solid significance of Brocklehurst’s research is that )it suggested a way to keep some foods fresh without preservativesB)it discovered tiny globules in both cream and butterC)it revealed the secret of how bacteria multiply in cream and butterD)it found that cream and butter share the same chemical position to the researchers, cream sours fast than butter because bacteria )are more evenly distributed in creamB)multiply more easily in cream than in butterC)live on less fat in cream than in butterD)produce less waste in cream than in butter to Brocklehurst, we can keep cream fresh by )removing its fatB)killing the bacteriaC)reducing its water contentD)altering its structure word “colonies”(Line 2, )refers to )tiny globulesB)watery regionsC)bacteria munitiesD)little partments application of the research finding will be possible if salad cream can be made resistant to bacterial attack )by varying its chemical positionB)by turning it into a solid lumpC)while keeping its structure unchangedD)while retaining its liquid formPart III Vocabul