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e or a language with reference to their distribution and patterning and to tacit rules governing 。在語(yǔ)言或一門語(yǔ)言中,對(duì)有關(guān)其分類和模式以及為大家所默認(rèn)的發(fā)音規(guī)則的研究音韻學(xué), 音系學(xué): The study of the rules whereby words or other elements of sentence structure are bined to form grammatical ,研究詞或其它句子成分如何聯(lián)合起來形成合乎語(yǔ)法的句子規(guī)則的學(xué)科: The study or science of meaning in language ,以語(yǔ)言形式表示意思的研究或科學(xué): 首字母組合詞,首字母縮略詞,比如,NATO, UNESCO, BASIC,它們可以連拼,但VOA是 Initialism。: A kind of language occurring chiefly in casual and playful speech, made up typically of shortlived coinages and figures of speech that are deliberately used in place of standard terms for added raciness, humor, irreverence, or other 、游戲性的話語(yǔ)中的一種語(yǔ)言,基本由存在時(shí)間很短的派生詞和修辭構(gòu)成,它們被故意地用來取代標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的詞語(yǔ)以達(dá)到生動(dòng)、幽默、無(wú)禮或其它效果 Phrase: A phrase in wide or popular use, especially one serving as a slogan for a group or ,妙句,吸引人的詞句廣泛使用的或流行的用語(yǔ),尤指用作集團(tuán)或運(yùn)動(dòng)的口號(hào)的用語(yǔ)。, 在社會(huì)或組織中,使不同的種族或宗教派別的人處于無(wú)限制的平等的關(guān)系中;取消種族隔離 majority of Frenchspeaking Canadians live in Thomas More coined the word “Utopia”, it means nowhere land in Hemingway Code heroes are best remembered for their indestructible : any one of the set of smallest distinctive speech sounds ina language that distinguish one word from another 音位,音素, 語(yǔ)言中最小的語(yǔ)音單位,如英語(yǔ)里 mat中的 m和 bat中的 b: 一詞多義 saint:保護(hù)圣徒, 守護(hù)神: 父母語(yǔ) formation: 逆構(gòu)詞 脫落一詞的詞綴以構(gòu)成新詞 typewriter → typewrite: Any of the variant forms of a example, the phonetic s ofcats, z of dogs, and z ofhorses and theen ofoxen are allomorphs of the English plural , 語(yǔ)素的一種變體形式,如語(yǔ)音學(xué)的中之 s在 cats中,z在 dogs中,和 iz在 horses中,還有 en在 oxen中都是英語(yǔ)復(fù)數(shù)語(yǔ)素的語(yǔ)素變體.第二篇:英語(yǔ)專業(yè)八級(jí)人文知識(shí)練習(xí)題:美國(guó)文學(xué) Old Man and the Sea is one of the great works by ____A Jack LondonB Charles DickensC Samuel ColeridgeD Ernest Hemingway which novel can “Yahoo” be found?A John Bunyan39。s Gulliver39。NeilB PoundC Robert FrostD Scott Fitzgerald is the most important person of the transcendental HawthornB WhitmanC EmersonD Hemingway main theme of Emily Dickinson is the following except____A fridendshipB love and marriageC life and deathD war and peace Frost is a famous ____A novelistB playwrightC poetD literary critic Beach is written by ____A Robert BrowningB Alfred TennysonC Mathew ArnoldD Dylan Thomas period from 18651914 has been referred to as the ____ in the literary history of the United Age of RealismB Age of ClasicalismC Age of RomanticismD Age of Renaissance答案及解析: 《老人與?!肥呛C魍淖髌贰?henpecked husband 是指“怕老婆的男人”,改典型形象出自Washington Irving 的Rip Van Winkle。 Emily Dickinson(17091784),美國(guó)女詩(shī)人,終生未嫁。主要作品有:The Road Not Taken,Mending Wall。第三篇:專業(yè)英語(yǔ)八級(jí)人文知識(shí)英國(guó)文學(xué)一、古英語(yǔ)時(shí)期的英國(guó)文學(xué)(4991066)貝奧武夫阿爾弗雷德大帝:英國(guó)散文之父二、中古英語(yǔ)時(shí)期的英國(guó)文學(xué)allegory體非常盛行Romance開始上升到一定的高度高文爵士和綠衣騎士Willian Langlaud 《農(nóng)夫皮爾斯的幻象》喬叟 坎特伯雷故事集(英雄雙韻體) 《亞瑟王之死》三、文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期的英國(guó)文學(xué)(伊麗莎白時(shí)代)(1416世紀(jì)) 《烏托邦》Thomas Wyatt 和 Henry Howard引入sonnetPhilips Sidney 《The defense of Poesie》 《阿卡迪亞》描述田園生活;現(xiàn)代長(zhǎng)篇小說的先驅(qū)斯賓塞 《仙后》 詩(shī)人中的詩(shī)人;斯賓塞體詩(shī)節(jié);莎士比亞:長(zhǎng)篇敘事詩(shī):《維納斯和阿多尼斯》、《露克絲受辱記》 四大悲?。汗防滋?、李爾王、奧賽羅、麥克白 風(fēng)俗喜?。╡dy of manners)《人性互異》 “玄學(xué)派”詩(shī)歌創(chuàng)始人George Herbert 玄學(xué)派詩(shī)圣 現(xiàn)代科學(xué)和唯物主義哲學(xué)創(chuàng)始人之一 《Essays》英國(guó)發(fā)展史上的里程碑 《學(xué)術(shù)的推進(jìn)》和《新工具》四、啟蒙時(shí)期(18世紀(jì))約翰、彌爾頓:《失樂園》、《為英國(guó)人民爭(zhēng)辯》約翰、班揚(yáng):《天路歷程》religious allegory約翰、德萊頓:英國(guó)新古典主義的杰出代表、桂冠詩(shī)人; 《論戲劇詩(shī)》:英國(guó)新古典主義詩(shī)歌的重要代表;英雄雙韻體的使用達(dá)到登峰造極的使用;《田園組詩(shī)》是其最早田園詩(shī)歌代表作托馬斯、格雷:感傷主義中墓園詩(shī)派的代表人物 《墓園挽歌》威廉、布萊克:天真之歌、經(jīng)驗(yàn)之歌;羅伯特、彭斯:蘇格蘭最杰出的農(nóng)民詩(shī)人;Richard Steel和Joseph Addison合作創(chuàng)辦《The tatler》和《the spectator》Samuel defoe 英國(guó)現(xiàn)實(shí)主義小說的奠基人之一;《魯濱遜漂流記》;《鏟除非國(guó)教徒的捷徑》,儀表達(dá)自己的不滿;Jonathan Swift 《一個(gè)小小的建議》;《格列佛游記》;《桶的故事》;1Samuel Richardson 英國(guó)現(xiàn)代小說的創(chuàng)始人;帕米拉;克拉麗莎;;1Henry Fielding 英國(guó)現(xiàn)實(shí)主義小說理論的奠基人;《約瑟夫。in chancery。A Britain was well placed geographically to participate in European and world Britain had many rivers, which were useful for British engineers had sound training and the inventors were British government was increasingly interested in overseas and colonies after the 17th United Kingdom is a constitutional monarch has very little ,國(guó)王或女王(君主)幾乎沒什么實(shí)質(zhì)性的權(quán)力。 were allowed to vote in national elections until 。位于大西洋南部的福克蘭群島從1892年起就是英國(guó)的海外殖民地,1982年阿根廷開始控制這些島嶼,但是英國(guó)最終打敗了阿根廷,并重新占領(lǐng)了這些島嶼。 of the following people didn’t use to be the British Prime Minister?(c) Thatcher Churchill Nelson Major撒切爾夫人,丘吉爾和梅杰都曾經(jīng)做過英國(guó)首相;而納爾遜(17581805),英國(guó)海軍統(tǒng)帥,因作戰(zhàn)負(fù)傷,右眼失明,失去右臂。 the United Kingdom, the party which wins the second largest number of seats in the House of Commons bees the official ,在下議院中贏得第二席位的政黨為反對(duì)黨,它也有它自己的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)和影子內(nèi)閣(shadow cabinet)。, in Britain,coal mining is called a “sick” 。后來形成了工會(huì)制度。其正宗的老家在英格蘭,19世紀(jì)興起。 Romans introduced Christianity into ,羅馬人占領(lǐng)英國(guó),其后統(tǒng)治了400多年。 longest river in Britain is the Severn River, and the largest river in the USA is the ,全長(zhǎng)355公里,美國(guó)最長(zhǎng)的河是密西西比河,長(zhǎng)4000公里左右。 Republic of Ireland became independent in the year 。 majority of people in Scotland live in the central Lowlands? 蘇格蘭中低部適合人類生存,是蘇格蘭工業(yè)和人高度集中的地區(qū)。 river Thames is in 。其內(nèi)容包括國(guó)有企業(yè)私有化,采用貨幣主義政策以控制通貨膨脹,削弱工會(huì)的影響,加強(qiáng)市場(chǎng)因素在經(jīng)濟(jì)中的作用,將公有住房賣給公眾,強(qiáng)調(diào)法律和秩序。 of the following is the oldest national Sunday newspaper in Britain?(C)A The TimesB The GuardianC The ObserverD The Financial Times 《觀察家報(bào)》創(chuàng)刊于1791年,是英國(guó)創(chuàng)刊最早的星期日?qǐng)?bào)紙。 is England’s biggest naval 。 tower of London, a historical sight, located in the center of London, was built by William the 。 Industrial Revolution started in the Great ?!皌he British Isles”則是地理意義上的名字,包括Great Britain,the whole of Ireland(Northern and Southern),the Channel Islands and the Isle of Man 這些島嶼。 flower is symbol of England?(D)A ThistleB ShamrockC DaffodilD RoseA,薊是蘇格蘭的象征,用作蘇格蘭的國(guó)徽;B,三葉苜?;閻蹱柼m的國(guó)花;C,黃水仙花是威爾士的國(guó)花;D,玫瑰則是英格蘭的國(guó)花。 Caesar invaded and conquered Britain for the first time in 55 。 Hundred Years’ war with France ended by the English being driven out of 1453 Calais was the only part of France that was still in the hands of the 。英國(guó)內(nèi)戰(zhàn)不僅推翻了英國(guó)的封建制度,也動(dòng)搖了歐洲封建統(tǒng)治的基礎(chǔ)。久而久之形成了使用不同的球桿并按一定的規(guī)則擊球。 its full sense, the British Parliament consist of the Sovereign, the House of Lords and the House of ,英國(guó)的議會(huì)是由元首,上議院和下議院組成。可見,英女王是基督教的保護(hù)者。 was founded in ,也是英國(guó)創(chuàng)辦最早的通訊社。創(chuàng)辦