【正文】 ，因此公示語的翻譯要正確把握一個度，既 體現(xiàn)東方的傳統(tǒng)文化又不破壞其原有的蘊義。這樣的公示語就 可能削減游客的旅游興致。應(yīng)結(jié)合不同國度，不同的國情，不同 語境，仔細分析，正確把握。語言是文化的載體，不同文化背景的民族在社會背景，生活習(xí)慣，思維方式上都存在差異，那么他們的語言表達也各有千秋。有的考生將檢查 誤解為將作文重新謄寫清楚，或者從頭到尾看個一兩遍，檢查出幾個 小錯誤就完成任務(wù)了。因此一邊考慮 寫作內(nèi)容一邊行文，對于文章的篇章結(jié)構(gòu)、句式和詞匯沒有事先規(guī)劃 清楚。很多學(xué)生不重視檢查，沒有留出檢查的時間。2）有人認為應(yīng)當(dāng)博覽群書。而6 分以下的作文問題主要表現(xiàn)在文章錯 誤較多，語言支離破碎，有多處病句等，這些屬于句子結(jié)構(gòu)的錯誤較為 嚴重。表達思想清楚，文字連貫，但有少量語言錯誤。有較多的嚴重語 言錯誤。下面是大學(xué)英語四、六級考試作文評分標準：0 分———白卷，作文與題目毫不相關(guān)，或只有幾個孤立的詞而無 法表達思想。然而考生的表現(xiàn)卻很不理想。能在 一般或應(yīng)用寫作中使用恰當(dāng)?shù)膶懽骷寄??！睘榱藦娀瘯姹磉_能力的 重要性，全國大學(xué)英語四、六級考試自1997 年6 月起正式采用“作文 最低分制”計算成績。2003 年6 月全國院校的四 分。分———條理不清，思路紊亂，語言支離破碎或大部分句子均有 錯誤，且多數(shù)為嚴重錯誤。分———基本切題。14 分———切題。如果考生想要得到9 分的及格分數(shù)或更高分數(shù)，必須想辦法減 少語言錯誤。3）我的看法。有的雖然檢查了，但僅僅 是重新看了兩遍，沒有檢查技巧。結(jié)果作文必然是錯誤百出。考生應(yīng)該正確認識檢查是有技巧的。公示語的 翻譯就是要很好地將源語轉(zhuǎn)換成譯語，在這過程中既要保持源語中的 信息，又要顧及文化差異，使譯語讀者能正確地領(lǐng)會信息，同時又使源 語不失原來應(yīng)有的功能，更不能因文化差異導(dǎo)致意義上的誤解。例如：景區(qū)中的某些兒童娛樂設(shè)施附近不 允許吸煙，因此就有“嚴禁吸煙”的警示牌，譯作“No Smoking”，在此環(huán) 境下這樣的公示語非常貼切，預(yù)期強烈，嚴格禁止。 力求通俗易懂公示語的作用主體是社會大眾，他們來自不同的地區(qū)甚至國度，文化程度參差不齊。由此可見翻譯的重要性 和艱難性。前面我們分析了公示語的語言特點，對這召喚類的文本翻譯應(yīng)做到通順易懂、清晰直接、規(guī)范自然，以排除譯 語讀者在閱讀和交際上的困難。要懂得結(jié)合翻譯的基本原則，準確 掌握哪些詞語該譯那些該保留原有的名稱僅僅用字母拼寫即可。如： 博物館一般名譯為Museum, Museum 放在最后，如Historical Museum，某機構(gòu)的博物館譯 為xxxx Museum of xxxx(機構(gòu)名)；故居譯為Former Residence，如康有 為故居Former Residence of Kang Youwei；殿、堂譯為Hall，如太和殿 Hall of Supreme Harmony； 一般的塔譯為Pagoda，如五塔寺FivePagoda Temple；藏式塔譯為Dagoba,如白塔寺的白塔White Dagoba；游 泳館的英文譯法為Swimming Pool，如陶然亭游泳場Taoranting Swimming Pool。2）翻譯“靜態(tài)”意義、服務(wù)、指示、說明性的公示語時主要使用名詞，如“物品寄存Left Luggage/Luggage Deposit”，“ 遺址Historic Site”，“公園管理處Park Administrative Office”。Some people are in favor of the idea of doing point out the fact that 支持X 的第一個原因。There is some truth in both I think the advantages of X overweigh the addition to the abovementioned negative effects it might bring about, X also may X 的有一個壞處。By saying that, they mean 對這個觀點的進一步解釋。There are a number of reasons behind my belief.(以下參照辯論文的議論文寫法)。Nowadays, there exists an increasingly serious social/economic/environmental problem.(X has increasingly bee a mon concern of the public).According to a survey, 調(diào)查內(nèi)容說明這種現(xiàn)象的情況（或者是一個例子）。Based on the above discussions, I can easily forecast that more and more people will ……..四． 圖表式作文It is obvious in the graph/table that the rate/number/amount of Y has undergone dramatic has gone up/grown/fallen/dropped considerably in recent years(as X varies).At the point of（接近）X1, Y reaches its peak value of …(多少).What is the reason for this change? Mainly there are …(多少)reasons behind the situation reflected in the graphic/ of all, …(第一個原因).More importantly, …(第二個原因).Most important of all, …(第三個原因).From the above discussions, we have enough reason to predict what will happen in the near trend described in the graph/table will continue for quite a long time(if necessary measures are not taken括號里的使用于那些不太好的變化趨勢).五． 辯論式議論文 模版1 Some people believe(argue, recognize, think)that other people take an opposite firmly believe that for me, I agree to the former/latter are a dozen of reasons behind my of all, importantly, important of all, summary, a college student, I am supposed to above, we can predict that People hold different views about people are of the opinion that 觀點1, while others point out that far as I am concerned, the former/latter opinion holds more one thing, another, but not the least, conclude, a college student, I am supposed to above, we can predict that There is no consensus 一致of opinions among people about X（爭論的焦點）。Among all of the supporting evidences, one is the is, 論據(jù)3。2．表示好處1）It has the following ）It does us a lot of ）It benefits us quite a ）It is beneficial to ）It is of great benefit to ：Books are like friends．They can help us know the world better，and they can open our minds and widen our horizons．Therefore，reading extensively is of great benefit to ．表示壞處1）It has more disadvantages than ）It does us much ）It is harmful to ：However, everything divides into can also be harmful to can do harm to our health and make us lazy if we spend too much time watching ．表示事實、現(xiàn)狀1）We cannot ignore the fact that．．． 2）No one can deny the fact that．．． 3）There is no denying the fact that．．．4）This is a phenomenon that many people are interested ）However, that’s not the ：We cannot ignore the fact that industrialization brings with it the problems of solve these problems，we can start by educating the public about the hazards of government on its part should also design stricter laws to promote a cleaner ．表示比較1）Compared with A, B．．．2）I prefer to read rather than watch ）There is a striking contrast between ：Compared with cars, bicycles have several advantages besides being , they do not consume natural resources of , they do not cause the pollution but not least, they contribute to people’s health by giving them due physical ．表示數(shù)量1）It has increased(decreased)from．．．to．．．2）The population in this city has now increased(decreased)to 800, 000． 3）The output of July in this factory increased by 15％pared with that of ：With the improvement of the living standard，the proportion of people’s ine spent on food has decreased while that spent on education has ：From the graph listed above，it can be seen that student use of puters has increased from an average of less than two hours per week in 1990 to 20 hours in 2000.【重點】五． 辯論式議論文【近幾年幾乎都靠這種】 模版1 Some people believe(argue, recognize, think)that other people take an opposite firmly believe that for me, I agree to the former/latter are a dozen of reasons behind my of all, importantly, important of all, summary, a college student, I am supposed to above, we can predict that People hold different views about people are of the opinion that 觀點1, while others point out that far as I am concerned, the former/latter opinion holds more one thing, another, but not the least, conclude, a college student, I am supposed to above, we can predict that There is no consensus 一致of opinions among people about X（爭論的焦點）。Among all of the supporting evidences, one is the is, 論據(jù)3。原則上在議論文當(dāng)中十不應(yīng)該出現(xiàn)虛假數(shù)字的，可是在考試的時候哪管那三七二十一，但編無妨，只要我有東西寫就萬事大吉了。拽！