【正文】
r is on the background of toxic and ha rmful gases,based on an ATMEL 8bit working ultralow power MCU AT89S52 as control core and a RTOS called RTXtiny51 which can maintain the reliability and the instantaneity of the system will be used into the system can realize realtime acquisition and processing, display ,alarm and other functions of indoor temperature, humidity, formaldehyde, benzene and powered by lithium batteries, has a good portability and versatility, and use the LCD1602 dot matrix LCD screen to display menu, and has a good interactive interface. Indoor Air Quality Portable Intelligent Monitor, small size, low power consumption, simple operation, and is suitable for family and munity health care in order to know realtime acquisition of indoor air design uses digital temperature and humidity sensor LTM8901 to measure indoor temperature and humidity , as well as detect gas concentration by using constant potential electrolysis gas sensors, and uses monolithic processor to control analog switch to measure CO,CH4 and formaldehyde alternately and give alarm. Key words: IAQ, temperature and humidity,RTOS,digital , safety, alarm 基于單片機(jī)的室內(nèi)多功能檢測(cè)系統(tǒng)系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì) 目錄 第一章 緒論 .................................................................................................................. 1 室內(nèi)多功能檢測(cè)系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)背景 ................................................................... 1 室內(nèi)多功能檢測(cè)系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)意義 ................................................................... 2 第二章 室內(nèi)空氣品質(zhì)基 本介紹 .................................................................................. 4 室內(nèi)空氣品質(zhì)及認(rèn)識(shí) ...................................................................................... 4 室內(nèi)空氣研究的背景 ............................................................................ 4 室內(nèi)污染物種類及來源分析 ................................................................ 4 室內(nèi)空氣品質(zhì)的幾點(diǎn)認(rèn)識(shí) .................................................................... 5 甲醛的認(rèn)識(shí) ............................................................................................ 6 室內(nèi)空氣品質(zhì)的監(jiān)測(cè)方法及 IAQ 標(biāo)準(zhǔn) ........................................................ 7 室內(nèi)空氣品質(zhì)監(jiān)測(cè)方法 ........................................................................ 7 改善空氣品質(zhì)方法 ................................................................................. 7 IAQ 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)及室內(nèi)空氣主要污染物 .................................................................. 8 第三章 硬件系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì) ................................................................................................ 10 總體設(shè)計(jì)方案 ................................................................................................. 10 系統(tǒng)硬件結(jié)構(gòu)及原理 .......................................................................... 10 傳感器的選用 ................................................................................................ 10 氣體傳感器 .......................................................................................... 10 氣體傳感器采樣方法選擇 .................................................................. 12 CO、甲烷傳感器 .............................................................................. 12 MQ 系列氣體傳感器的工作原理 .......................................... 12 MQ 氣體傳感器的特性 .......................................................... 14 MQ2 傳感器模塊 ................................................................... 17 甲醛常識(shí)及甲醛傳感器接口模塊的設(shè)計(jì) ........................................... 18 甲醛傳感器接口模塊 ................................................................ 18 基于單片機(jī)的室內(nèi)多功能檢測(cè)系統(tǒng)系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì) I/V 轉(zhuǎn)換電路的芯片選擇 ....................................................... 19 RCV420 的相關(guān)參數(shù)及工作原理 ......................................... 20 模數(shù)轉(zhuǎn)換電路的設(shè)計(jì) ................................................................ 23 溫濕傳感器 .......................................................................................... 25 AT89S52 單片機(jī)簡介 ................................................................................. 28 電源電路設(shè)計(jì) ................................................................................................ 30 聲光報(bào)警模塊 ................................................................................................ 31 鍵盤電路 ........................................................................................................ 32 第四章 軟件系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì) ................................................................................................ 33 軟件系統(tǒng)需求框圖 ........................................................................................ 33 軟件系統(tǒng)的流程圖 ........................................................................................ 34 致謝 .............................................................................................................................. 37 附錄 .............................................................................................................................. 38 附錄 A 各個(gè)模塊的驅(qū)動(dòng)程序 ............................................................................. 38 附錄 B 系統(tǒng)在 Altiumdesigner 中的電路原理圖 .............................................. 54 參考文獻(xiàn) ...................................................................................................................... 55 基于單片機(jī)的室內(nèi)多功能檢測(cè)系統(tǒng)系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì) 第 頁 共 55 頁 1 第一章 緒論 室內(nèi)多功能檢測(cè)系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)背景 關(guān)于室內(nèi)空氣質(zhì)量問題,可以追溯到遠(yuǎn)古時(shí)代,以原始人類將火種引入洞穴,引起洞穴煙塵污 染為標(biāo)志;采用科學(xué)的辦法研究及改善室內(nèi)空氣問題的歷史至少可以追溯到 20 世紀(jì)上半葉, 1939 年美國成立了工業(yè)衛(wèi)生協(xié)會(huì)( AIHA),生產(chǎn)環(huán)境對(duì)人體健康的影響開始受到社會(huì)關(guān)注; 20世紀(jì) 60年代的北歐和北美,一些生活場(chǎng)所,如居室、辦公室、會(huì)議室、醫(yī)院、旅館、圖書館、候車(機(jī)、船)廳等室的內(nèi)空氣質(zhì)量開始受到關(guān)注,正是在那個(gè)時(shí)期提出了室內(nèi)空氣質(zhì)量( IAQ)的概念;當(dāng)時(shí),促使人們關(guān)注室內(nèi)空氣質(zhì)量問題的原因主要有兩個(gè):一是隨著環(huán)境保護(hù)工作的開展和環(huán)境科學(xué)的發(fā)展,人們的環(huán)境意識(shí)不斷加強(qiáng);二是空調(diào)開始普及,為了節(jié)省能源,建筑物 密閉程度不斷提高,門窗開啟時(shí)間越來越短;同時(shí)各種化學(xué)制品也開始進(jìn)入人們的室內(nèi)生活,導(dǎo)致室內(nèi)化學(xué)污染物濃度提高,如此,長期在室內(nèi)滯留的人群常常感到不適;正是那時(shí)逐漸出現(xiàn)了“病態(tài)建筑綜合癥( SBS)”和“軍團(tuán)病”等新問題和概念;人們逐漸發(fā)現(xiàn)室內(nèi)空氣污染與哮喘和肺癌等疾病的發(fā)病率的上升有著比較密切關(guān)系,并注意到室內(nèi)環(huán)境質(zhì)量不一定比室外好,甚至比室外更糟 [2]?,F(xiàn)市場(chǎng)也有很多對(duì)室內(nèi)環(huán)境的檢測(cè)儀器 , 但存在有體積大、價(jià)格貴、功能少、操作不方便等原因;根