【正文】 是現(xiàn)代沉積和油田密井網(wǎng)解剖，利用密井網(wǎng)建立的原型模型可以用來交大尺度的井間參數(shù)預(yù)測，適合于油藏評價(jià)階段地質(zhì)建模的要求。原型模型和地質(zhì)知識庫是儲層精細(xì)預(yù)測或隨機(jī)建模預(yù)測井間參數(shù)的重要基礎(chǔ)。儲層構(gòu)型研究提出，從靜態(tài)的角度，為地層的進(jìn)一步細(xì)分和儲集層非均質(zhì)性研究提供了沉積學(xué)依據(jù)和新的研究途徑。在密井網(wǎng)條件下，把空間上很復(fù)雜的河流相砂體（如多期河流沉積多次疊復(fù)而成的主力油層）縱向上細(xì)分到單一河道單元，使之基本上相當(dāng)于單一水動(dòng)力單元。一般劃分與對比的總體思路是從巖心資料入手，建立儲集體巖石特征與測井曲線特征之間的對應(yīng)關(guān)系，結(jié)合地震、鉆井及生產(chǎn)測試等多方面的資料，在沉積理論和沉積模式的指導(dǎo)下，根據(jù)測井曲線特征，按照不同的地層劃分與對比模式，精細(xì)化分對比每口井不同級序地層單元界限。進(jìn)行動(dòng)態(tài)監(jiān)測，開發(fā)分析；編制有關(guān)層系井網(wǎng)等綜合調(diào)整方案，并組織實(shí)施落實(shí)地質(zhì)儲量及可采儲量；確定構(gòu)造形態(tài)及油氣水分布；全油田小層劃分與對比；搞清油氣富集分布規(guī)律；建立儲層靜態(tài)模型以鉆井資料為主結(jié)合三維地震資料為基礎(chǔ)的構(gòu)造解釋技術(shù)；以小層為單元的儲層劃分與對比技術(shù)；沉積微相分析技術(shù)；以測井資料為基礎(chǔ)的多井儲層評價(jià)技術(shù)；動(dòng)態(tài)監(jiān)測、跟蹤模擬技術(shù)；建立儲層靜態(tài)模型技術(shù)開發(fā)中后期階段 結(jié)合油藏工程的動(dòng)態(tài)分析、數(shù)值模擬、歷史擬合，量化剩余油空間分布；確定挖潛、提高采收率措施；維持油田經(jīng)濟(jì)有效地生產(chǎn)精細(xì)沉積微相和微構(gòu)造研究；流動(dòng)單元?jiǎng)澐峙c對比；井間參數(shù)預(yù)測；剩余油空間分布；建立儲層預(yù)測地質(zhì)模型微構(gòu)造研究技術(shù)；細(xì)分沉積微相研究技術(shù)；層次結(jié)構(gòu)及流動(dòng)單元空間結(jié)構(gòu)研究技術(shù)；儲層物性動(dòng)態(tài)變化、空間分布規(guī)律研究技術(shù)；剩余油分布描述技術(shù)；建立儲層預(yù)測模型技術(shù)開發(fā)中后期的油藏描述屬于精細(xì)油藏描述的范疇，其目的主要是結(jié)合油藏工程的生產(chǎn)動(dòng)態(tài)分析、數(shù)值模擬歷史擬合量化剩余油空間分布，為油田制定挖潛、提高采收率的措施提供依據(jù)。由于每個(gè)階段具有的地質(zhì)資料基礎(chǔ)不同，要完成的開發(fā)地質(zhì)任務(wù)也不同，因而在儲層評價(jià)的重點(diǎn)內(nèi)容也有差異，所要達(dá)到的目標(biāo)也就不一樣。我國的油田開發(fā)形勢和世界主要產(chǎn)油國完全相似，進(jìn)一步挖掘已開發(fā)油田潛力，提高采收率，是當(dāng)前的重要內(nèi)容。目錄第一章 精細(xì)油藏描述 ..................................................................................................................................51 油藏描述的任務(wù) ................................................................................................................................52 油藏描述階段劃分 ............................................................................................................................53 精細(xì)化油藏描述研究的內(nèi)容 ............................................................................................................6 精細(xì)地層劃分對比研究 .........................................................................................................6 精細(xì)構(gòu)造描述 .........................................................................................................................6 精細(xì)沉積微相研究 .................................................................................................................7 儲層構(gòu)型 .................................................................................................................................7 不同沉積類型儲層地質(zhì)知識庫和原型模型研究 .................................................................7 注水開發(fā)過程儲層物性動(dòng)態(tài)變化規(guī)律研究 .........................................................................7 儲層裂縫表征研究 .................................................................................................................8 精細(xì)油藏地質(zhì)建模研究 .........................................................................................................8 地質(zhì)、油藏、數(shù)模一體化研究剩余油分布特征及規(guī)律 .....................................................8第二章 地質(zhì)建模綜述 ................................................................................................................................101 儲層建模的基本理論 ......................................................................................................................10 地質(zhì)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)的發(fā)展 ...............................................................................................................10 地質(zhì)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)的基本原理 .......................................................................................................112 儲層建模技術(shù)、方法 ......................................................................................................................15 確定性建模 ...........................................................................................................................16 隨機(jī)建模 ...............................................................................................................................183 儲層建模的步驟 ..............................................................................................................................244 地質(zhì)模型的精度檢驗(yàn)原則 ..............................................................................................................265 儲層建模技術(shù)應(yīng)用及效果 ..............................................................................................................27 儲層建模技術(shù)應(yīng)用 ...............................................................................................................27 建模技術(shù)在儲層定量化研究中的應(yīng)用主要特點(diǎn) ...............................................................28 建模技術(shù)應(yīng)用效果 ...............................................................................................................296 結(jié) 語 ..................................................................................................................................................29參考文獻(xiàn) ......................................................................................................................................................32第一章 精細(xì)油藏描述精細(xì)油藏描述是全球油氣開發(fā)領(lǐng)域中的一項(xiàng)關(guān)鍵技術(shù)，自 20 世紀(jì) 80 年代以來，集地質(zhì)、地球物理和油藏工程等多學(xué)科、多專業(yè)力量綜合攻關(guān)，取得了突破的進(jìn)展。它綜合利用各種地質(zhì)、地震、測井和動(dòng)態(tài)數(shù)據(jù),并用地質(zhì)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)的方法對各種儲層參數(shù)進(jìn)行井間預(yù)測,建立定量精確的三維可視化儲層模型。AbstractReservoir description is a new technology that is to study and quantitatively describe the geological characteristics of reservoir development, and to evaluate them, through application of the obtained underground information, during oil/gas exploration and development process. Based on the consulting a large number of domestic and international data, the main task, research content, and respective technical methods of oil / gas reservoir description at various stages are summarized in this paper. At the same time as the final results of reservoir description, reservoir geological modeling is a technology that, developed in recent years, quantitatively describes and depicts oil/gas reservoirs. Proceeding from the basic theory of the reservoir modeling , on the basis of a brief introduction to the type of reservoir modeling, several known reservoirmodeling techniques and methods at home and abroad, and their adaptability of various methods are mainly discussed in the paper. Detailed steps of reservoir modeling were enumerated in the paper, and the field of application and effectiveness of reservoir modeling are briefly reviewed. This paper has important significance for a prehensive understanding of the content, methods,