【正文】 ...............................................6 機(jī)床的設(shè)計(jì)改造 ........................................................62 C6140 型普通車(chē)床數(shù)控化改造方案的設(shè)計(jì)與確定 ................................8 總體方案設(shè)計(jì) ..........................................................8 總體方案的確定 ........................................................83 C6140 數(shù)控車(chē)床橫向傳動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì) ...........................................10 C6140 數(shù)控車(chē)床的主要技術(shù)參數(shù) ..........................................10 數(shù)控機(jī)床的改造要求與伺服電機(jī)的選用 ...................................10 數(shù)控機(jī)床的改造要求 ................................................10 伺服電機(jī)的工作原理 ................................................11 伺服電動(dòng)機(jī)的選用 ..................................................11 絲杠螺母副 ............................................................12 滾珠絲杠副傳動(dòng)部件 ................................................12 滾珠絲杠副的原理、特點(diǎn)及有關(guān)應(yīng)用中的問(wèn)題 ..........................13 滾珠絲杠副的支撐 ..................................................13 安裝調(diào)整中應(yīng)注意的問(wèn)題 ............................................16 C6140 車(chē)床數(shù)控化改造機(jī)械部分改造設(shè)計(jì)與計(jì)算 .........................16 縱向進(jìn)給系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì) ................................................16 橫向進(jìn)給系統(tǒng)的計(jì)算 ................................................19 主傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì) .....................................................21 主傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)的改造 ..................................................21 主運(yùn)動(dòng)系統(tǒng)轉(zhuǎn)速圖的設(shè)計(jì) ............................................22 主軸的變速反轉(zhuǎn)和制動(dòng) ..............................................22 控制類(lèi)型的確定 ....................................................23 安裝電動(dòng)卡盤(pán) ......................................................23 傳動(dòng)方面改造設(shè)計(jì) ..................................................23 進(jìn)給系統(tǒng)的改造 ........................................................24 進(jìn)給伺服系統(tǒng) ......................................................25 進(jìn)給系統(tǒng)機(jī)械傳動(dòng)部分改造 ..........................................254 C6140 車(chē)床數(shù)控化改造電氣部分改造設(shè)計(jì) .....................................27 數(shù)控系統(tǒng)操作及參數(shù)說(shuō)明 ...............................................27 系統(tǒng)參數(shù) ..............................................................27 NIM9702 數(shù)控系統(tǒng)接口 .................................................28 系統(tǒng)電源 ..............................................................28 2 系統(tǒng)的接地 ............................................................29 開(kāi)關(guān)量 I/O 信號(hào)的電特性 ................................................29 系統(tǒng)信號(hào) I/O 的連接 ....................................................295 數(shù)控系統(tǒng)硬件電路設(shè)計(jì) ....................................................31 數(shù)控系統(tǒng)基本硬件組成 .................................................31 概述 .............................................................31 單片機(jī)控制系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì) .............................................31 硬件電路的組成 .......................................................32 各種芯片選擇及引腳功能說(shuō)明 ........................................32 輔助電路 ..........................................................47 驅(qū)動(dòng)電源電路的選擇 ................................................48 控制類(lèi)型的確定 ....................................................49 面板操作鍵和方式選擇開(kāi)關(guān) ..........................................49 螺紋加工的傳動(dòng)與控制 ..............................................50 硬件電路設(shè)計(jì) .........................................................50 接口電路與 AT89C51 的連接 ..........................................50 伺服電機(jī)接口電路 ..................................................51 隔離電路 ..........................................................52 脈沖分配器 ........................................................526 軟件設(shè)計(jì) ................................................................536．1 總體設(shè)計(jì)方案設(shè)計(jì) .....................................................536．2 系統(tǒng)初始化軟件 .......................................................536．3 插補(bǔ)程序設(shè)計(jì) .........................................................53 直線(xiàn)插補(bǔ) ..........................................................53 圓弧插補(bǔ) ..........................................................557 程序設(shè)計(jì) ................................................................608 數(shù)控機(jī)床的安裝調(diào)試及驗(yàn)收 ................................................63 機(jī)床的地基和對(duì)環(huán)境的要求 ..............................................63 各控制單元間的電纜連接 ................................................63 通電試車(chē)前的檢查 ......................................................63 輸入電源電壓和頻率的確認(rèn) ..........................................63 檢查直流電源輸出端是否正常 ........................................63 檢查各熔斷器 ......................................................63 短接棒的設(shè)定 ......................................................63 檢查油和氣 ........................................................64 確認(rèn)各部件機(jī)器位置 ................................................64 通電試車(chē) ..............................................................64 確認(rèn)試車(chē) ..........................................................64 確認(rèn)電源電壓相序 ..................................................64 接通強(qiáng)電柜交流電源 ................................................64 接通直流電源 ......................................................64 線(xiàn)數(shù)控裝置供電 ....................................................64 數(shù)控系統(tǒng)參數(shù)核對(duì) ..................................................64 3 手動(dòng)操作 ..........................................................65 主軸與輔助裝置通電 ................................................65 空運(yùn)行及有關(guān)性能試驗(yàn) ..............................................65設(shè)計(jì)小結(jié) ...................................................................66致 謝 ......................................................................67參考文獻(xiàn) ...................................................................68 41 緒論 改造的可行性隨著社會(huì)生產(chǎn)和科學(xué)技術(shù)的迅速發(fā)展，機(jī)械產(chǎn)品的質(zhì)量和性能不斷提高，產(chǎn)品的更新?lián)Q代也不斷加快，因此對(duì)機(jī)床不僅要求具有較高的精度和生產(chǎn)率，而且應(yīng)能迅速地更換產(chǎn)品的零件。我國(guó)從開(kāi)放搞活以來(lái)，加快了數(shù)控機(jī)床技術(shù)的引進(jìn)，促進(jìn)了我國(guó)機(jī)床數(shù)控技術(shù)的普及和發(fā)展。（1）數(shù)控機(jī)床價(jià)格昂貴，一次性投資大，對(duì)中小型企業(yè)是心有余而力不足。要較好地解決上述問(wèn)題，應(yīng)走普通機(jī)床的數(shù)控化改造之路，從美