【正文】 something to think about. Consider humans as part of these ecosystems. You39。cuz beaver fur is really warm and it was really popular for making hats in Europe, so the beavers were hunted a lot, over hunted. They were almost extinct by the 1800s, so that meant fewer wetlands, less standing water. Professor And what does that mean for the ecosystem, Kate? Kate Well if there is less standing water, then the ecosystem can39。s continually flooding the surface, which increases the amount of water below. So where there are wetlands you get a lot of groundwater, and groundwater happens to be a big source of our own drinking water today. All right, so back to the beavers, what if the beavers weren39。s more standing water, more still water around, and that water39。s take what you read for this week and see if we can apply this interdependence idea. Mike? Mike Well, um, how about beavers, ecosystems with beavers and waterways? Professor Good, good, go on. Mike Like, well, you can see how it39。t necessarily include things like sculptures or decorative walkways or...or even eye catching window displays, you know art, although I39。s what we would call a customer base, and accessibility to public transportation, which we will get to in just a moment. Now, for a customer base, the most obvious example would be a large office building since the employees could theoretically go shopping after work or during their lunch hour, right? Another really good example is a convention center, which typically has a hotel and large meeting spaces to draw visitors to the city for major business conferences and events. But ideally, the pedestrian mall will be used by local residents, not just people working in the city or visiting the area. So that39。s essentially an outdoor shopping area designed just for people on foot. And...well unlike many other shopping malls that are built in the suburbs nowadays, these pedestrian malls are typically located in the downtown area of the city. And now they have features like white sidewalks, fortable outdoor seating and maybe even fountains and, you know, art. There are variations on this model of course, but the mon denominator is always the idea of creating a shopping space that will get people to shop in the city without needing their cars. So I39。t have that many residential areas。t demonstrate those behaviors? Professor That39。s the case, her language use would be maturing and her memory and imagination would be developed. Student So she might play pretend, like she can pretend when driving her toy car across the couch that the couch is actually a bridge or something. Professor That39。s not so much about the observations, but a synthesis of what you have observed and read. Student OK, and what about the children I’m supposed to observe? Professor Not children, a single child observed twice. Student Oh...ok, so I should choose a child with the permission of the child39。ll certainly try. Student OK. All we have to do is do two observations and take notes on them, right? Professor Ur, that39。s a start, but you39。s parent of course, and then observe that child a couple of times and take good notes. Then? Professor Actually after your first observation, you39。s right. In addition, her thinking would be primarily egocentric. Student So she39。s fine. You’ll note that in your paper. See, your paper should pare what is expected of children at certain stages of development with what you actually observed. Student Ok. I have one more question now. Professor And what39。 not that many people live there. So what have city planners decided to do about it? Well, one way they39。m sure you can see how having an area that39。s where access to public transportation es in. Either...um...either the designers plan to locate the mall near a central transportation hub, like a bus terminal, a major train or subway station, or they work with city officials to create sufficient parking areas, not too far from the mall, which makes sense because if people can39。d be the first to admit those things are aesthetically appealing. However, visually pleasing sights...well they are not a part of the pedestrian mall design that matter the most. The key consideration is a pact and convenient layout, one which allows pedestrians to walk from one end of the mall to the other in just a few minutes, so they can get to the major stores, restaurants and other central places without having to take more than one or two turns. Now, this takes careful and creative planning. But now what if one ingredient to this planning recipe is missing? There could quite possibly be longlasting effects. And I think a good example is the pedestrian mall in Louisville Kentucky for instance. Now, when the Louisville mall was built, it had lots of visual appeal. It was attractively designed, right in the small part of downtown and it pretty much possessed all of the other design elements for success. But, now here is where my point about location es into play, there wasn39。s so important, 39。s a lot cleaner than swiftly flowing water because the dirt and sediment and stuff has a chance to sink to the bottom. Professor More important for our discussion: wetland areas support a lot more varieties of life than swiftly flowing water. For example there are more varieties of fish, of insects, lots of frog species, and then species that rely on those species start to live near the wetlands, too. Kate Yes, like birds and mammals that eat the fish and insects. And you get trees and plants that begin to grow near the standing water that can39。t there? Mike You just have a regular running stream 39。t support as many species because a lot of insects and fish and frogs can’t live in running water, and then the birds and animals that eat t