般均衡和經(jīng)濟(jì)效率ppt課件-wenkub
2023-05-27 13:03:21 本頁(yè)面
【正文】 Production Possibilities Frontier Food (Units) Clothing (units) B, C, amp。 Karen has 3F and 5C. Efficiency in Exchange ? Efficient Allocations ? If James’s and Karen’s MRS are the same at B the allocation is efficient. ?This depends on the shape of their indifference curves. ? 在交換上，符合帕累托最優(yōu)狀態(tài)的條件是：任何兩種商品之間的邊際替代率對(duì)任何兩個(gè)消費(fèi)者都相等 交換的帕累托最優(yōu)條件 ? MRSAXY=MRSBXY ? 說(shuō)明例子：初始配置 A的 MRS為 3， B的 MRS為 5，表明： ?A： 1X交換 3Y ?B： 1X交換 5Y ?那么 A：拿出 1X換 4Y， B：用 4Y換 1X都改善了福利 ?只要邊際替代率不等，總存在帕累托改進(jìn)的余地 A A: UJ1 = UK1, but the MRS is not equal. All binations in the shaded area are preferred to A. Gains from trade Karen’s Clothing Karen’s Food UK1 UK2 UK3 James’s Clothing James’s Food UJ1 UJ2 UJ3 B C D Efficiency in Exchange 10F 0K 0J 6C 10F 6C A Karen’s Clothing Karen’s Food UK1 UK2 UK3 James’s Clothing James’s Food UJ1 UJ2 UJ3 B C D Efficiency in Exchange 10F 0K 0J 6C 10F 6C Is B efficient? Hint: is the MRS equal at B? Is C efficient? and D? Efficiency in Exchange A Karen’s Clothing Karen’s Food UK1 UK2 UK3 James’s Clothing James’s Food UJ1 UJ2 UJ3 B C D 10F 0K 0J 6C 10F 6C ? Efficient Allocations ? 向陰影區(qū)域外的任何移動(dòng)將使一個(gè)人的處境更壞 (closer to their origin). ? B 是一個(gè)相互獲利的交易 —— higher indifference curve for each person. ? 交易是有利的，但還不是有效率的 . ? 當(dāng)無(wú)差異曲線相切時(shí)，MRS相等，這時(shí)配置時(shí)有效率的 . Efficiency in Exchange ? The Contract Curve ? To find all possible efficient allocations of food and clothing between Karen and James, we would look for all points of tangency between each of their indifference curves. ? 把所有無(wú)差異曲線的切點(diǎn)連接起來(lái)的線叫做 契約曲線 ，又叫 效率線 。屬于規(guī)范經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué) ? 判斷經(jīng)濟(jì)效率的標(biāo)準(zhǔn) —— 帕累托標(biāo)準(zhǔn) ? 任意改變都不可能使至少一個(gè)人的狀況變好而又不使任何人的狀況變壞，則稱(chēng)這種資源配置狀態(tài)為 帕累托最優(yōu)狀態(tài) 。 第 8章 一般均衡與經(jīng)濟(jì)效率 General Equilibrium and Economic Efficiency 前面的分析屬局部均衡分析，現(xiàn)在則要轉(zhuǎn)到一般均衡分析上來(lái) Topics to be Discussed ? General Equilibrium Analysis（一般均衡分析） ? Pareto efficient（帕累托最優(yōu)） ? Efficiency in Exchange（交換效率） ? Efficiency in Pr
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