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, 因此不同路徑的光線到達輸出端的時延不同 , 從而產(chǎn)生脈沖展寬 , 形成 模式色散 。 不同頻率的光在光纖中的速度不同 。 取決于波導尺寸和纖芯包層的相對折射率差 。 材料色散:不同波長的光 ,折射率不同。D(?)(ps) 2222)( ?????????ddcddcD ???? 單模光纖色散波譜特性曲線 傳輸使用的三種不同類型的單模光纖 ( NDSF) 非色散位移單模光纖,也稱為常規(guī)單模光纖 ( DSF) DSF: DispersionShifted Fiber 色散位移光纖 ( NZDSF) 非零色散位移光纖 常規(guī) 大有效面積 大多數(shù)已安裝的光纖 (1)在 1310nm 波長處的色散為零。 光纖是當前使用最為廣泛的光纖。 石英光纖中,從原材料上看 最?。s / km)。其它性能還有損耗小、接續(xù)容易、成纜化容易和工作中的特性變化?。ò◤澢?、拉伸和環(huán)境變化影響)。這種光纖工作波長在1550nm區(qū)域 , 非常適合于長距離單信道光纖通信系統(tǒng)。 15 50 nm13 10 nm色散ps/ nm ? km普通光纖 (SMF)非色散位移光纖 ( NDSF , )已有光纖的 95%波長 ?色散位移光纖 ( DSF , )非零色散位移光纖 ( NZDSF , )180DWDM波長范圍三種光纖色散情況比較 正常色散區(qū) 反常色散區(qū) Group Velocity Dispersion (GVD) ? Normal Dispersion Regime :the long wavelengths travel faster than the short ones! Thus after travelling on a fibre wavelengths at the red end of the pulse spectrum will arrive first. This is called a positive chirp! ? Anomalous Dispersion Regime: the short wavelengths (blue end of the spectrum) travel faster than the long wavelengths (red end). After travel on a fibre the shorter wavelengths will arrive first. This is considered a negative chirp. Material (Chromatic) Dispersion ? This is caused by the fact that the refractive index of the glass we are using varies (slightly) with the wavelength. Some wavelengths therefore have higher group velocities and so travel faster than others. Since every pulse consists of a range of wavelengths it will spread out to some degree during its travel. Waveguide Dispersion ? The shape (profile) of the fibre has a very significant effect on the group velocity. This is because the amount that the fields overlap