【正文】 more difficult it is, the more highly it is regarded. In the pioneering days, however, this was not the case at all. The early climbers were looking for the easiest way to the top, because the summit was the prize they sought, especially if it and never been attained before. It is true that during their explorations they often faced difficulties and dangers of the most perilous nature, equipped in a manner with would make a modern climber shudder at the thought, but they did not go out of their way to court such excitement. They had a single aim, a solitary goal the top! It is hard for us to realize nowadays how difficult it was for the pioneers. Except for one or two places such as Zermatt and Chamonix, which had rapidly bee popular, Alpine village tended to be impoverished settlements cut off from civilization by the high mountains. Such inns as there were generally dirty and flearidden。這就是說，在一個(gè)足球場上約有 600萬只不同種類的蜘蛛。 許多人認(rèn)為蜘蛛是昆蟲，但它們不是昆蟲，甚至與昆蟲毫無關(guān)系。 they would devour all our crops and kill our flocks and herds, if it were not for the protection we get from insecteating animals. We owe a lot to the birds and beasts who eat insects but all of them put together kill only a fraction of the number destroyed by spiders. Moreover, unlike some of the other insect eaters, spiders never do the harm to us or our belongings. Spiders are not insects, as many people think, nor even nearly related to them. One can tell the difference almost at a glance, for a spider always has eight legs and insect never more than six. How many spiders are engaged in this work no our behalf? One authority on spiders made a census of the spiders in grass field in the south of England, and he estimated that there were more than 2,250,000 in one acre。他們也可能用過木頭和獸皮，但這類東西早已腐爛殆盡。人類學(xué)家過去不清楚如今生活在太平洋諸島上的波利尼西亞人的祖先來自何方，當(dāng)?shù)厝说膫髡f卻告訴人們：其中一部分是約在 2,000 年前從印度尼西亞遷來的。modern men39。 came from. Fortunately, however, ancient men made tools of stone, especially flint, because this is easier to shape than other kinds. They may also have used wood and skins, but these have rotted away. Stone does not decay, and so the tools of long ago have remained when even the bones of the men who made them have disappeared without trace. 參考譯文 我們從書籍中可讀到 5,000 年前近東發(fā)生的事情，那里的人最早學(xué)會(huì)了寫字。 但是，和我們相似的原始人生活的年代太久遠(yuǎn)了，因此，有關(guān)他們的傳說既使有如今也失 傳了。石頭是不會(huì)腐爛的。 that is something like 6,000,000 spiders of different kinds on a football pitch. Spiders are busy for at least half the year in killing insects. It is impossible to make more than the wildest guess at how many they kill, but they are hungry creatures, not content with only three meals a day. It has been estimated that the weight of all the insects destroyed by spiders in Britain in one year would be greater than the total weight of all the human beings in the country. 參考譯文 你可能會(huì)覺得奇怪， 蜘蛛怎么會(huì)是我們的朋友呢？因?yàn)樗鼈兡芟麥缒敲炊嗟睦ハx，其中包括一些人類的大敵，要不是人類受一些食蟲動(dòng)物的保護(hù)，昆蟲就會(huì)使我們無法在地球上生活下去，昆蟲會(huì)吞食我們的全部莊稼，殺死我們的成群的牛羊。人們幾乎一眼就能看出二者的差異，因?yàn)橹┲攵际?8條腿 ，而昆蟲的腿從不超過 6條。蜘蛛至少有半年在忙于吃昆蟲。 the food simply local cheese acpanied by bread often twelve months old, all washed down with coarse wine. Often a valley boasted no inn at all, and climbers found shelter wherever they could sometimes with the local priest (who was usually as poor as his parishioners), sometimes with shepherds or cheesemakers. Invariably the background was the same: dirt and poverty, and very unfortable. For men accustomed to eating sevencourse dinners and sleeping between fine linen sheets at home, the change to the Alps must have very hard indeed. 參考譯文 現(xiàn)代登山運(yùn)動(dòng)員總想找一條能夠給他們帶來運(yùn)動(dòng)樂趣的路線來攀登山峰。確實(shí)，在探險(xiǎn)中他們經(jīng)常遇到驚心動(dòng)魄的困難和危險(xiǎn)，而他們裝備之簡陋足以使現(xiàn)代登山者一想起來就膽戰(zhàn)心驚。 食物是當(dāng)?shù)氐母衫液屯ǔ４娣帕艘荒曛玫拿姘藗兙椭泳仆滔逻@種食物。對(duì)于過慣了一頓飯吃 7道菜、睡亞麻細(xì)布床單的人來說，變換一下生活環(huán)境來到阿爾卑斯山山區(qū)，那一定是很艱難的。 and, in another instance, wearing stockings and slippers, to make out with her foot the outlines and colours of a picture hidden under a carpet. Other experiments showed that her knees and shoulders had a similar sensitivity. During all these tests Vera was blindfold。是她父親首先發(fā)現(xiàn)她這一功能的。在這些測試中，她能隔著不透明的屏幕讀報(bào)紙。如果不蒙上雙眼她的皮膚就不再具有識(shí)別物體的能力。the problem of youth39。讓我們來認(rèn)真研究一些基本事實(shí)：承認(rèn)青年人和他們的長輩一樣也是人。因?yàn)檫@至少使我得到了某種承認(rèn)，這正是年輕人所熱衷追求的。在我看來，所有這些使他們與生命和萬物之源聯(lián)系在了一起。如果我認(rèn)為他們錯(cuò)了，我就以平等的身份和他們爭個(gè)明白 。 現(xiàn)在開展的體育運(yùn)動(dòng)幾乎都是競爭性的?？墒且涣可婕暗綐s譽(yù)問題，一旦你想到你和某一團(tuán)體會(huì)因?yàn)槟爿敹鴣G臉時(shí)，那么最野蠻的爭斗天性便會(huì)激發(fā)起來。面對(duì)著這些荒唐 的比賽，參賽的各個(gè)國家會(huì)如癡如狂，甚至煞有介事地相信 至少在短期內(nèi)如此 跑跑、跳跳、踢踢球是對(duì)一個(gè)民族品德素質(zhì)的檢驗(yàn)。大家都知道，在墻壁或山腰附近發(fā)出的喊聲，就會(huì)聽到回聲。這樣就產(chǎn)生了目前各種船舶上普遍應(yīng)用的回聲探測儀。根據(jù)經(jīng)驗(yàn)和改進(jìn)了的儀器，不僅能夠確定魚群的位置，而且可以根據(jù)魚群回聲的特點(diǎn)分辨出是鯡魚、鱈魚，這是人們所熟悉的其他魚。s safety standards must be approved by American testers before it can be sold in the United States, and an Americanmade dialysis machine needs the EU39。并不僅僅是農(nóng)民在抱怨。然談判代表持樂觀態(tài)度，但協(xié)議細(xì)節(jié)如此復(fù)雜，他們所面臨的困難很可能使他們無法取得一致。 Lesson 9 Royal espionage 王室諜報(bào)活動(dòng) Alfred the Great acted his own spy, visiting Danish camps disguised as a minstrel. In those days wandering minstrels were wele everywhere. They were not fighting men, and their harp was their passport. Alfred had learned many of their ballads in his youth, and could vary his programme with acrobatic tricks and simple conjuring. While Alfred39。阿爾弗德年輕時(shí)學(xué)過許多民歌，并能穿插演一些雜技和小魔術(shù)使自己的節(jié)目多樣化。他們靠掠奪附近的地區(qū)的財(cái)物過著舒適的生活。 因此，面對(duì)丹麥人的進(jìn)攻，阿爾弗雷德沒有貿(mào)然同敵人作戰(zhàn)，而是采用騷擾敵人的戰(zhàn)術(shù)。這一幕歷史可以說是王室諜報(bào)活動(dòng)中最精彩的篇章。 Mead observes. 39。s near lock on the memorychip market. Indiaborn Reddy39。由于制造一塊芯片的時(shí)間已縮短至幾天，費(fèi)用也只有幾百美元，因此，工程技術(shù)人員可能很塊就可充分發(fā)揮他們的想像力，而不會(huì)因失敗而造成經(jīng)濟(jì)上的損失。 ” 靠的是亞洲人。比如說，亞歷克斯 .奧，一位來自香港的斯坦福大學(xué)博士，已經(jīng)在臺(tái)灣建廠，對(duì)日本在內(nèi)存條市場上近似壟斷的局面提出 了挑戰(zhàn)。青年人有這種感覺是情有可原的。個(gè)人的存在應(yīng)該像一條河流，開始很小，被緊緊地夾在兩岸中間，接著 熱情奔放地沖過巨石，飛下瀑布。 Lesson 12 Banks and their customers 銀行和顧客 When anyone opens a current account at a bank, he is lending the bank money, repayment of which he may demand at any time, either in cash or by drawing a cheque in favour of another person. Primarily, the bankercustomer relationship is that of debtor and creditor who is which depending on whether the customer39。s signature has b