【正文】 而復(fù)雜，主要包括預(yù)選、各黨召開全國(guó)代表大會(huì)確定總統(tǒng)候選人、總統(tǒng)候選人競(jìng)選、全國(guó)選舉、選舉人團(tuán)投票表決和當(dāng)選總統(tǒng)就職。 　　另外，在總統(tǒng)大選日，選民還要在聯(lián)邦范圍內(nèi)進(jìn)行參議院和眾議院選舉。１９８８年美國(guó)大選期間，許多美國(guó)人認(rèn)為共和黨總統(tǒng)候選人布什的競(jìng)選伙伴奎爾太年輕、不老練、不值得考慮，而認(rèn)為民主黨總統(tǒng)候選人杜卡基斯的競(jìng)選伙伴本特森經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富、深孚眾望。此外，有幾位副總統(tǒng)還當(dāng)過總統(tǒng)候選人，其中包括尼克松、漢弗萊、蒙代爾和布什?！　「鶕?jù)美國(guó)憲法，如果總統(tǒng)去世或失去工作能力，副總統(tǒng)接任總統(tǒng)職位。s later first is on December 15). At the appointed time, various states and District of Columbia is elected “the elector” to go various states the capital to carry on the voting. Will attain 270 ballot above candidates presidentelect, and January 20 will be sworn in next year. 　　就職典禮是美國(guó)總統(tǒng)選舉的最后一道程序，只有到當(dāng)選總統(tǒng)于次年１月２０日手撫《圣經(jīng)》，宣誓就職時(shí)，美國(guó)的總統(tǒng)選舉才告結(jié)束。s voting result, produces in fact is represents 50 states and District of Columbia 538 “the elector”. Moreover, in the presidential election date, the voter must carry on Senate and the House of Representatives in the federal scope elects. According to the US in 1787 constitution, two courtyard congressmen by various states voter direct election production. 　　Elector ticket39。s policy, wins the voter to trust, wins over the ballot. 　　The national voter votes election year November39。s Congress, this is the preelection way which majority states use at present. 　　After the preelection had ended, two parties separately will usually convene in July and August the National People39。American presidential election system 　　The US implements the presidential system, the presidential election is held once every four years. The American presidential election system is plex, the process is long. The election main program including the preelection, various parties convenes the National People39。一位候選人贏得的選舉人票超過總數(shù)的一半（２７０張），即當(dāng)選總統(tǒng)。例如，每個(gè)州都在國(guó)會(huì)有２名參議員和至少１名眾議員，所以，任何州都至少有３票。由于美國(guó)總統(tǒng)選舉實(shí)行“選舉人團(tuán)”制度，因此總統(tǒng)大選日的投票結(jié)果，產(chǎn)生的實(shí)際上是代表５０個(gè)州和哥倫比亞特區(qū)的５３８位“選舉人”。　　全國(guó)選民投票在選舉年１１月份的第一個(gè)星期一后的第一個(gè)星期二舉行（２００８年是１１月４日），這一天被稱為總統(tǒng)大選日?！　∪珖?guó)代表大會(huì)之后，總統(tǒng)競(jìng)選活動(dòng)便正式拉開帷幕。前者是指兩黨在各州自下而上，從選舉點(diǎn)、縣、選區(qū)到州逐級(jí)召開代表會(huì)議，最終選出本黨參加全國(guó)代表大會(huì)的代表。美國(guó)總統(tǒng)選舉制度復(fù)雜，過程漫長(zhǎng)。選舉的主要程序包括預(yù)選、各黨召開全國(guó)代表大會(huì)確定總統(tǒng)候選人、總統(tǒng)候選人競(jìng)選、全國(guó)選民投票選出總統(tǒng)“選舉人”、“選舉人”成立選舉人團(tuán)投票表決正式選舉總統(tǒng)和當(dāng)選總統(tǒng)就職典禮等幾個(gè)階段。后者在形式上如同普選，一個(gè)州的兩黨選民同一天到投票站投票選出本黨參加全國(guó)代表大會(huì)的代表，這是大多數(shù)州目前采用的預(yù)選方式。這一過程一般要持續(xù)８至９周。所有美國(guó)選民都到指定地點(diǎn)進(jìn)行投票，在兩個(gè)總統(tǒng)候選人之間作出選擇（在同一張選票上選出各州的總統(tǒng)“選舉人”）。另外，在總統(tǒng)大選日，選民還要在聯(lián)邦范圍內(nèi)進(jìn)行參議院和眾議院選舉。但人口多的大州，除了這３票以外，眾議員人數(shù)越多，選舉人票數(shù)也就越多。 　　真正的總統(tǒng)選舉是在１２月第二個(gè)星期三之后的第一個(gè)星期一舉行（２００８年是１２月１５日）。s Congress to determine that the presidential candidate, the presidential candidate campaigned for, the national voter to vote selects president “the elector”, “the elector” establishment electoral college voting by ballot elects president and presidentelect officially the inauguration and so on several stages. 　　The preelection is the American presidential election first stage, usually from the presidential year the beginning of the year start, finished to the year. The preelection has two forms, respectively is the political party basic unit conference and the direct primary. The former is refers to two parties in various states from bottom to top, from represents the conference the election spot, the county, the electoral district to the state progressive convention, selects representative who finally this party participates in the National People39。s Congress. Conference39。s first Monday39。s quantity, manifests the state power equal rule, quantity decides according to various states in Congress39。 　　在美國(guó)政治中，副總統(tǒng)不擔(dān)任實(shí)際工作。先當(dāng)副總統(tǒng)是登上美國(guó)總統(tǒng)寶座的途徑之一。 　　美國(guó)副總統(tǒng)不是由美國(guó)公眾直接選出的，而是由民主黨和共和黨的總統(tǒng)候選人挑選并經(jīng)兩黨全國(guó)代表大會(huì)選舉產(chǎn)生。但大選結(jié)果，布什獲勝當(dāng)上了總統(tǒng)，奎爾自然也成為副總統(tǒng)。根據(jù)美國(guó)１７８７年憲法，兩院議員由各州選民直接選舉產(chǎn)生。 　　預(yù)選是美國(guó)總統(tǒng)選舉的第一階段，被視為美國(guó)大選的前奏。少數(shù)不舉行預(yù)選的州，則由兩黨的州委員會(huì)或州代表大會(huì)選拔參加本黨全國(guó)代表大會(huì)的代表。s presidential election only then considered the conclusion. 　　In the American politics, vice president does not hold the post of the practical work. His official business is Congress Chairman of the Senate, but this is mainly the etiquette, because he only then in the Senate vote time in the affirmative vote and the opposite ballot equal situation only then votes. Vice president39。s ways. Since the Second World War, three vice presidents in the tenure in office have taken over president in president the duty. Because Truman Roosevelt died, because Johnson Kennedy met stabs, because Ford Nixon left office succeeds president separately. In addition, several vice presidents have also worked as presidential candidate, including Nixon, Humfrey, Mondale and Bush. 　　American vice president is not selects directly by the American public, but the National People39。s supports as far as possible. 　　But the election results are not decided by the presidential candidate to vice president39。s Congress to determine that the presidential candidate, the presidential candidate campaigned for, the national election, electoral college voting by ballot with presidentelect takes office. 　　The preelection is the American presidential election first stage, regards as the American election39。s Congress. These representatives will propose this party39。后者在形式上如同普選，一個(gè)州的兩黨選民同一天到投票站投票選出本黨參加全國(guó)代表大會(huì)的代表，這是大多數(shù)州目前采用的預(yù)選方式。 　　各州總統(tǒng)預(yù)選將產(chǎn)生本州參加全國(guó)代表大會(huì)的“承諾代表”，他們以預(yù)選結(jié)果為依據(jù)，承諾支持本黨的某一競(jìng)選人。除“承諾代