【正文】 表面地形coalfield 煤田measure 層組coalbearing measure含煤地層tilled area 耕地reservoir 水庫(kù)power line 電力線，輸電線reservation ；自然保護(hù)區(qū)Chapter 4 Mine Development Ways (井田開(kāi)拓方式)portal 井筒expected life of the mine 礦井的設(shè)計(jì)使用年限r(nóng)ail haulage 軌道運(yùn)輸drift 平硐shaft 立井，豎井slope 斜井topsoil (表土層),quicksand (流砂層). main shaft主立井a(chǎn)uxiliary shaft 副立井a(chǎn)ir shaft風(fēng)井transfer house 中轉(zhuǎn)煤倉(cāng)headframe 井架hoist house 提升機(jī)房，絞車房skip 箕斗cage 罐籠car dump 卸煤設(shè)備storage bin 井底煤倉(cāng)pressure drop 壓降capital cost 基建費(fèi)用advancing mining 前進(jìn)式開(kāi)采retreating mining 后退式開(kāi)采descending mining 下行式downwards mining 下行式upward mining 上行式doubletracked train hoisting system 雙溝串車提升系統(tǒng)Singletracked train hoisting system 單鉤串車提升系統(tǒng)endless rop 無(wú)極繩提升Overhead monorial 單軌吊Sublevel slope development 片盤(pán)斜井Starcaselike Adit 階梯平硐pump station 泵站sump n. 水倉(cāng)area development 分區(qū)域開(kāi)拓gas n. 瓦斯Power belt conveyor 強(qiáng)力皮帶機(jī)center rise 中央上山surrounding rock 圍巖maintenance n. 維護(hù)hydrogeological condition 水文地質(zhì)條件weathered zone 風(fēng)化帶fold n. 褶皺fault n. 斷層Outcrop n. 露頭ventilation resistance 通風(fēng)阻力bined development 綜合開(kāi)拓Multipleportal area development 多井筒分區(qū)域開(kāi)拓pit bottom 井底車場(chǎng)main haulage crosscut 主運(yùn)輸石門(mén)main haulage roadway 運(yùn)輸大巷district bottom station 采區(qū)下部車場(chǎng)district middle station 采區(qū)中部車場(chǎng)district top station 采區(qū)上部車場(chǎng)district coal bunker 采區(qū)煤倉(cāng)district haulage rise 采區(qū)運(yùn)輸上山district track rise 采區(qū)軌道上山main return airway 總回風(fēng)巷main returnair roadway 回風(fēng)大巷head entry 區(qū)段運(yùn)輸平巷tail entry 區(qū)段回風(fēng)平巷sublevel district haulage crosscut 區(qū)段運(yùn)輸石門(mén)sublevel district returnair crosscut區(qū)段回風(fēng)石門(mén)strip n. 分帶，條帶strip strict 帶區(qū)panel n. 盤(pán)區(qū)Chapter 5 Development Roadways Layout (開(kāi)拓巷道布置)Chapter 6 Level station (井底車場(chǎng))Chapter 7 Development Deepen and Technical Reform (井田開(kāi)拓延深和技術(shù)改造)Chapter Ground control 工作面周圍地層：Overlying strata 上覆地層：Main roof 老頂，基本頂Immediate roof 直接頂Gob采空區(qū)Face—rib（煤壁）Floor 底板Underlying strata下伏地層Ground control頂板處理方式：（1）Caving；（2）Pack。cave inFace area 工作面區(qū) Support the immediate roofSolid coal 實(shí)體煤Chapter 4 .3 Roof support systemFacetogob distance 控頂距，工作面到采空區(qū)的距離。 chain conveyorDip angle＞25176。section belt conveyor. Two shuttle cars are used.roof bolting 頂板錨桿支護(hù)為了充分發(fā)揮設(shè)備和人員的能力，至少同時(shí)掘進(jìn)5個(gè)平行的巷道。lifts/slices 煤柱――塊――切塊Coal property 煤礦Area 盤(pán)區(qū)Set of entries 巷道群Engineer Slough 脫落，剝落，碎落；崩落，坍塌，滑坍Crush 壓碎A function of 是…的函數(shù)，隨…而變。The size of roadway section depends mainly on its use.它取決于運(yùn)輸或提升設(shè)備或其它設(shè)備的尺寸，還要根據(jù)通風(fēng)要求對(duì)巷道斷面尺寸加以修改。Drilling and blasting is the most widely used method of rock breaking at present.（1）drillingDrill n. 鉆機(jī)氣動(dòng)輕型鉆機(jī)，風(fēng)鉆Airjackleg 氣腿式鉆機(jī)Airjack leg drill 架式鉆機(jī)Drifter 鉆車，鑿巖臺(tái)車 Jumbo, drill carriage濕式鉆進(jìn) Wet drilling干式鉆進(jìn) Dry drilling鉆孔 borehole（2）Blasting 爆破炸藥：Explosive裝藥：Load explosive in the borehole, charge起爆：detonate224。 flank224。然后，切割頭在掘進(jìn)面底部的一側(cè)鉆入煤壁。平巷掘進(jìn)機(jī)可以掘出任何形狀和尺寸的斷面，如圓形、馬蹄形、拱形和長(zhǎng)方形。噴射混凝土：shotcreting錨噴：bolting and shotcreting錨網(wǎng)：bolting and metal mesh錨索：anchored cable錨注：bolting and injectingThe length of time the rock safely can be left unsupported will greatly effect the overall driftingoperation cycle.巖石開(kāi)挖后無(wú)支護(hù)而且安全的時(shí)間長(zhǎng)度，即拱橋作用的時(shí)間，對(duì)于整個(gè)平巷掘進(jìn)工藝循環(huán)有著很大的影響。 vt. 向...保證,批準(zhǔn), 使有正當(dāng)理由Curiosity ,好奇心,珍品Auger mining 螺旋鉆開(kāi)采法Leaching 溶浸法；leach vt. 過(guò)濾borehole mining 鉆井采礦法oblivion , 湮沒(méi)on the verge of 接近于, 瀕臨于technology transfer 技術(shù)推廣,技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)讓Ramp。其它的情況，需要及時(shí)支護(hù)，或者超前最后一個(gè)支架進(jìn)行支護(hù)。The roof bolter is a rubbertired vehicle used to drill and insert bolts into the roof to support it.錨桿機(jī)是一個(gè)用來(lái)打錨桿眼安裝錨桿來(lái)支護(hù)頂板的機(jī)器，它是用膠輪行走的。操作升降千斤頂，使切割頭向上割一定距離（切割頭的直徑），然后用相同的方法再割第二刀。A blast round consists of cut, relief, breast, and trim holes.一個(gè)爆破炮眼組包括掏槽眼、輔助眼、壓眼和邊界眼。auxiliary224。2 Roadway excavation in rocks巖巷掘進(jìn)炮掘，爆破掘進(jìn)：blasting excavation裝巖，除渣：mucking掘進(jìn)工藝包括主要作業(yè)和輔助作業(yè)，其中主要作業(yè)包括破巖、裝巖、運(yùn)輸、支護(hù)，輔助作業(yè)包括通風(fēng)、鋪設(shè)軌道、挖掘排水溝、鋪設(shè)管線等等。Masonry stopping 砌筑風(fēng)墻Canvas stopping 帆布風(fēng)簾Line Brattice 縱向風(fēng)障Loading station 裝車點(diǎn)Chapter 6 Roadway excavation and support1 Roadway section巷道斷面掘進(jìn) drive, tunnel, excavate平巷掘進(jìn)Drifting 巷道掘進(jìn) roadway excavation平巷掘進(jìn) n. drifting沉井，鑿井 n. sinking上山掘進(jìn) n. raising下山掘進(jìn) n. 1）The shape of roadway section斷面形狀巷道斷面形狀主要取決于地層條件、服務(wù)年限和支護(hù)材料。Continuous mining I continuous miner ＋ shuttle car 連續(xù)采煤機(jī)＋梭車工藝＋ section belt conveyor ＋ roof bolting 間斷運(yùn)輸工藝II continuous miner ＋ (intermediate) conveyors 連續(xù)采煤機(jī)＋輸送機(jī)工藝＋ section belt conveyor ＋ roof bolting連續(xù)的運(yùn)輸工藝Pil