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用how many。不可數(shù)名詞前通常用單位詞+of來表示數(shù)量。表示特指時,均要用定冠詞the?! ∪纾篺ruit → fruits food → foods fish → fishes hair → hairs 名詞可數(shù)不可數(shù)【六注意】 不可數(shù)名詞是不可以直接用來計數(shù),也沒有復數(shù)形式,只有單數(shù)形式?! ?). 不可數(shù)名詞沒有復數(shù),當它作句子的主語時,謂語動詞要用單數(shù)形式。] ?、?sheep, Chinese, Japanese [悄悄話:單/復數(shù)同形。如: bus → buses /glass → glasses /watch → watches dish → dishes /box → boxes 3). 以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的名詞,要先將y改為i再加es?! 】蓴?shù)名詞有單數(shù)和復數(shù)兩種形式。如:Would you like some coffee with sugar?你要加糖的咖啡嗎? ◆any 用于肯定句時,意思是“任何的”。 Have a look, have a break, have a drink ◆在一些固定搭配中,不能用have /has got 。回答時協(xié)助于助動詞have或has. 如:Have you got a notebook? Yes, I have./No, I haven’t. Have they got a library? Yes, they have./No, they haven’t. Has Tom got stomachache? Yes, he has./No, he hasn’t. 4)、特殊問句: 只需選用恰當?shù)囊蓡栐~,再接正確的一般疑問句即可。三、have/has got 的用法在英語中通常用 have got代替 have,當主語為第三人稱單數(shù)時,用has got 代替has,have got 或has got可以與前面的主語縮寫為 ’ve 或 ‘s。You must eat.Must you go now?I can drink some water ,but I mustn’t eat.can’t與mustn’t的區(qū)別:can’t 意即“不能,不會”, 表示不可能、無法;mustn’t而意為“禁止,不可以”,表示強烈的建議、意圖和命令等,語氣強硬。細心體會多練習,保證不會犯錯誤。情態(tài)動詞沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化,也就是說,不管主語是第幾人稱,單數(shù)還是復數(shù),can都沒有變化?!繉⒁粋€肯定句變?yōu)橐蓡柧鋾r,應將do/does放在主語的前面,實義動詞用原形。助動詞在句中不能獨立使用作謂語,并通常用于主語為第一人稱、第二人稱或者第三人稱復數(shù)的疑問句和否定句中?!镜谌朔Q復數(shù):人稱代詞分為第一人稱、第二人稱、第三人稱。例句:I/ We / You want some yoghurt. →Do you want any yoghurt ? William wants some beer.→Does William want any beer? She likes that one. →Does she like that one?變否定句時則要在句中謂語動詞的前面加do not(don’t)或doesn’t。即表示能力,也表示可能性?!? 例如:肯定句:Vikki can drive a car.變否定句:Vikki can’t drive a car.變一般疑問句:Can Vikki drive a car?變特殊疑問句:Who can drive a car?must的具體用法:must與can一樣,都是情態(tài)動詞,不能在句中單獨作謂語,必須和其他動詞原形構(gòu)成謂語。may的具體用法:助詞。 1)肯定式:We’ve (We have )got an English lesson today. Lucy and Tom have got two chairs. My parents have got a big house. You have got everything. 你什么都有了。 How many rulers have they got? When have they got this school? What has he got ? 【特別提醒】:只能用have/has,不能用have /has got的情形 。 Have a good time, have breakfast, have lessons 四、some與any的用法:some:一般用于肯定句中,意思是“幾個、一些、某個”,作定語時可修飾可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞。Come here with any 。指一個人或一件事物時,用單數(shù)形式;指兩個或多個人或事物時用復數(shù)形式。如: city → cities /body → bodies /factory → factories 4). 以f 或fe 結(jié)尾的名詞,要將f或fe改為v再加es。] ?、?people單數(shù)形式表示復數(shù)意義,要求謂語動詞用復數(shù); people的復數(shù)形式peoples通常指“多個民族”?! ∪纾篢he food is very fresh. 食品很新鮮。如:some bread, a little milk等。如: He is a factory worker. No one can see air.可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞前都可以用some, any, a lot of, lots of 等來修飾,表示一些,許多。如: a piece of paper, three pieces of paper等。 對不可數(shù)名詞前的修飾語提問用how much。表示幾十幾時,在幾十和個位基數(shù)詞形式之間添加連字符“” 21 twentyone, 76 seventysix 4).百位數(shù) 個數(shù)基數(shù)詞形式加“hundred”,表示幾百,在幾十幾與百位間加上and. 如:101 a hundred and one, 320 three hundred and twenty, 648 six hundred and fortyeight。 twenty—twentieth, thirty—hirtieth 表示第幾十幾時,用幾十的基數(shù)詞形式加上連字符“-”和個位序數(shù)詞形式一起表示。 【注:序數(shù)詞在使用時,通常前面要加定冠詞 the;但是如果序數(shù)詞前出現(xiàn)不定冠詞a或an時,則表示“再—”,“又—”。如: Is it ever fine and warm in England?針對天氣的提問通常用What’s the weather like …?句型。如:Karen is 42 years old. →How old is Karen? Robert is 9. →How old is Robert?星期幾的表達方式:It is + 星期一(二、三…)。 1. 在be動詞之后。如: Sometimes she writes to me. =She writes to me sometimes. She writes to me often. Never tell him the news. 千萬不要告訴他這消息。Li Ping is not always late for school. 李平上學不總是遲到。(厭煩)】◆usually意為“通常”,表示習慣性動作或狀態(tài),很少有例外。他常給他的朋友寫信。這兩個副詞表示否定意義,動作幾乎不會發(fā)生。 [諺語]Better late than never. 遲到(遲做)總比不來(不做)好。記法:特殊疑問詞的開頭一般是Wh,How。例如: They are working these days. C、某些動詞的現(xiàn)在進行時,表預定的計劃或即將發(fā)生的動作。這一點必須牢記。一般現(xiàn)在時的構(gòu)成有兩種形式:be動詞構(gòu)成的一般現(xiàn)在時:be動詞的形式要隨主語的變化而變化:◆肯定句:I am …… You/We/They are…… He/She/It is……◆否定句:I am not …… You/We/They are not (aren’t)…… He/She/It is not (isn’t)…例句: It’s not very long.◆一般疑問句:Am I ……? Are you/we/they……? Is he/she/it……?◆特殊疑問句:特殊疑問詞 + am + I……? 特殊疑問詞 + are + you/we/they……? 特殊疑問詞 + is + he/she/it……?實義動詞構(gòu)成的一般現(xiàn)在時: 實義動詞構(gòu)成一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)時,當主語是第三人稱單數(shù)【第三人稱單數(shù):人稱代詞分為第一人稱、第二人稱、第三人稱?!緞釉~第三人稱單數(shù):動詞單三形式變化規(guī)則跟名詞變復數(shù)的規(guī)則類似,即:大多數(shù)動詞在詞尾加s;以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的詞要變y為i加es;以字母s、x、sh、ch、o結(jié)尾的詞要加es。在口語中,will在名詞或代詞后??s寫為39。t be free this afternoon.用法:1)、表示未來的動作或存在狀態(tài),常與表示將來的時間狀語連用。例:We shall e and work in this factory every year.The students will have five English classes per week this term.其他表達方法1)“be going to+動詞原形”表將來:① 這種結(jié)構(gòu)表示打算、計劃、決定要做的事或肯定要發(fā)生的事。(現(xiàn)在生命垂危)Look at the cloud. It’s going to ,使我斷定天要下雨)The ice is going to 。The voters aren’t going to like 。(即認為最終會恢復健康,而不是馬上恢復)He is gong to get 。常與表示將來的時間狀語連用。They are arriving tomorrow 。You are to hand in your papers by 10 o39。一般過去時態(tài)句子結(jié)構(gòu):1. Be 動詞的一般過去時態(tài):在沒有實義動詞的句子中使用be動詞, am is 的過去式為was。t.特殊疑問句:特殊疑問詞+ Was (Were) +主語+表語 Who were your best friends in your primary school?2. 實義動詞的一般過去時態(tài):肯定句要使用動詞的過去式,否定句和疑問句要使用助動詞do和 does 的過去式 did. 肯定句為:主語+動詞過去式+賓語 如:I went home at nine o39。t tell me about you. 疑問句:一般疑問句:Did +主語+動詞原形+賓語 如:Did you go home yesterday? Did you study in the school? 肯定回答: Yes, I did. 否定回答:No, I didn39。His father is a film 專項練習一 選擇( )1. She lived there before he ____ to China. A. cameA . was listened。 heard D. listened。 C. arrive in B. would finish _______. A. No, he doesn39。C. No, he did C. did, have I _____it last year.9 Did he____(have) lunch at home?10 I _____(eat) the bread, I 39。昨晚她看了一本英語書。 What ________ they _________ _________ Saturday? They _________ __________ homework and _________ __________. 三、改寫句子:Lucy did her homework at home.(改否定句)Lucy ___________ ___________ her homework at home.He found some meat in the fridge(冰箱).(變一般