【正文】 demand for IE will increase and widen continuously and urgently. 工業(yè)工程是新興的經典和新穎的將計算解決復雜和系統(tǒng)性的問題，在今天的高度科技世界職業(yè)之一。轉化過程中所使用的技術和管理科學以及它們的組合依靠。logistics,236。這種需求/供給不平衡是為IE大于其他任何工程或科學學科，并預計在未來多年存在。Engineering and Science工程與科學How did the two words “industrial” and “engineering” get bined to form the term “industrial engineering”？engineering，?249。hand[1\ 工程與科學發(fā)展并行，相輔相成的方式，雖然他們是電機始終以同樣的速度，而科學是有關基本知識的追求，工程與科學知識的應用關注問題的解決方案，并，?municating basic knowledge. The person who discovered the knowledge also put it to “科學”和“工程”各有特色，為不同學科，在某些情況下，?發(fā)現(xiàn)知識的人也把它用We naturally think of such outstanding acplishments as the pyramids in Egypt, the Great Wall of China, the Roman construction projects, and so on，when we recall準確地測量距離，角度，重量和時間的程序進行了細化，實現(xiàn)了更大的成就Another very important contribution of mathematics was the ability to represent reality in abstract terms. A mathematical model of a plex system can be manipulated such that relationships between variables in the system can be understood. The simple relationship monly called the pythagorean theorem is such an example. This theorem says that the hypothenuse of a right triangle is equaled as the square root of the sum of the squares of the adjacent sides. The use of abstract models representing plex physical systems is a fundamental tool of engineers另一個非常重要的貢獻，數(shù)學是一個復雜系統(tǒng)的數(shù)學模型的能力，代表抽象的現(xiàn)實。As a final ment on early development, let us pay more attention to an early development that did not occur. The missing early development is related to the behavioral sciences. The understanding of human behavior has lagged greatly behind developments in the mathematical, physical, and chemical sciences. This is important to industrial engineers because the systems designed by IEs involve people as one of the basic ponents. The lack of progress in behavioral science has impeded the industrial engineer in his efforts to design optimal systems involving ，讓我們更加注重發(fā)展初期，沒有發(fā)生。The Modern Era of Engineering現(xiàn)代工程時代Based on reference1750，even though there were many important developments between 1400 and 1750. There are two reasons to choose 1750 as the beginning of modem engineering:(1)（2）長期的土木工程師在1750年首次使用。在物理和數(shù)學等領域的相互關聯(lián)的進步建立了機械原理的實際應用奠定基礎。在未來50年內，電氣科學的基礎就建立起來了，主要是由德國和法國的科學家The first distinguishing application of electrical science was the development of the telegraph by Samuel Morse. Morse telegraph is a kind of telegraph that sends messages using dots and dashes or short and long sounds or flashes of light to represent letters of the alphabet and numbers. Thomas Edison’s invention of the carbonfilament lamp (which is still used today) led to widespread use of electricity for lighting purposes. This, in turn, spurred very rapid developments in the generation, transmission, and utilization of electrical energy for a variety of laborsaving purposes. Engineers who chose to specialize in this field were naturally called as electrical engineers第一電氣科學的區(qū)分應用程序是由塞繆爾莫爾斯電報的發(fā)展，莫爾斯電報發(fā)送郵件使用點和破折號或短期和長期的聲音或指示燈閃爍代表字母和數(shù)字字母的電報。natural materials. This field of engineering effort naturally became known as chemical engineering隨著機電技術在物質及其性質的理解伴隨的發(fā)展。房屋、金屬制品、船舶等需要防護涂層。這一工程領域自然就被稱為化學工程。trade”. As more and more human effort over the course of the Industrial Revolution became involved in producing goods古老的法國公司，用感官”，能力，和一個行業(yè)或職業(yè)的人，我們的話（第一記錄1475）原本的技能，設備，和“”以及“貿易”。從這個詞的起源，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)它意味著電子和社會的不同Large Scale ProductionAs industrial organizations emerged to make use of the rapidly developing array of technological innovations, the size and plexity of manufacturing units increased dramatically. Large scale production was made possible through three important concepts:(1)大規(guī)模生產是通過三個重要的概念成為可能（）零件的互換性（2）勞動分工（3）通過標準化大規(guī)模生產的消費品的單位成本大大降低The Origination of IE IE的基礎的起源The base was now laid for a dramatic shift in the lifestyles and cultures of industrialized countries. Within nearly twenty years the People’s Republic of China and other developing countries changed largely rural, agricultural economies and societies to urban, industrialized economies and societies. The suddenness of this change is probably the cause of many of today’s urgent problems, for example，pollution，diseases, traffic crowding and agricultural modernization and so on.During the early part of this movement it was recognized that business and management practices that had worked well for small shops and farms simply were inadequatefor lsu^e, plex manufacturing organization. The need for better management systems led to the development of what is now called industrial engineering. IE的基礎的起源現(xiàn)在援助在生活方式和工業(yè)化國家文化的一個戲劇性的轉變，在近二十年的中華人民共和國和其他發(fā)展中國家的農村發(fā)生了巨大的變化，農業(yè)經濟和社會的城市，工業(yè)化經濟體等測。is often associated with manufacturing organization, here it is intended to apfdy to any organization. The basic principles of industrial engineerir^ are being applied widely in agriculture, education, hospitals, banks, government oi^anizations, and so 。想想一個需要數(shù)百萬工人的大城市。Industrial engineering (IE) is emerging as one of the classic and nove[ professions that will be counted for solving plex and systematic problems in the highly technological world of today.句意：作為一種古老和新穎的專業(yè)之一，工業(yè)工程的出現(xiàn)將用來解決當今 高度技術發(fā)展的世界所遇到的復雜的系統(tǒng)問題。它綜合運用數(shù)學、物理學和社會科學方面 的專門知識和技術，以及工程分析和設計的原理與方法，對該系統(tǒng)所取得的成 果進行鑒定、預測和評價。想了解更多細節(jié)，請參見愛默生和Naehring的優(yōu)秀作品[5 \ 現(xiàn)在讓我們回憶一些著名的人visited factories in England and the United States in the early 1800’s and began a systematical record of the details involved in many factory operations. For example, he observed that the manufacture of straight pins involved seven distinct operations. He carefully measured the cost of performing each operation as well as the time per operation required to manufacture a pound of pins. Babbage presented this information in a table, and thus demonstrated that money could be savcid by using women and children to perform the lowerskilled operations. The higherskilled, higher paid men need only perform those operations requiring the higher skill levels. Babbage published a book containing his findings, entitled他仔細地測量了每個操作的成本，以及生產一磅大頭針所需的