【正文】 oads.“circuit systems”：電路系統(tǒng) “subsystem”：子系統(tǒng) “converter”：變壓器在某些應(yīng)用中，整流器輸出的直流電壓連接到直流總線上，以分配給幾個不同的電路系統(tǒng)、子系統(tǒng)及其他變壓器負(fù)載。實(shí)際使用中的交流控制器通常使用工頻為5060Hz的單相或多相電壓源。很大功率的直流直流變換器，例如在電力牽引中所使用到的，也被稱作斬波器。關(guān)鍵字：交流直流變換器出自文獻(xiàn)4：直流直流變換器從直流電流（電壓或電流）中獲取電力并傳送給負(fù)載。關(guān)鍵字：直流交流變換器（逆變器）出自文獻(xiàn)3：交流直流變換器（整流器）從一個或多個單相或多相交流電壓/電流源中獲取電能并傳送給負(fù)載。變換器的輸出變量是一個低畸變的單相或多相交流電壓或交流電流。整流器通常會從公用電力供應(yīng)中抽取高度非正弦的電流，使得功率因數(shù)降低，從而效率不高。在某些應(yīng)用中，整流器輸出的直流電壓連接到直流總線上，以分配給幾個不同的電路系統(tǒng)、子系統(tǒng)及其他變壓器負(fù)載。最常用的交流電源是可以從公用電力供應(yīng)中得到的50或60赫茲的電壓源，這種電源也被稱為線電源。關(guān)鍵字：發(fā)電機(jī) 電磁感應(yīng) 名牌數(shù)據(jù)3 長難句分析及專業(yè)詞匯a)、The operation of generator is based on the principle of “electromagnetic induction” moving the wire through the magnetic field causes electric current to flow in the wire.“principle”：原理 “magnetic field”：磁場它的運(yùn)行是基于“電磁感應(yīng)”原理的，電線穿越磁場運(yùn)動，其中產(chǎn)生電流。交流發(fā)電機(jī)銘牌上的數(shù)字包括：制造商名，電機(jī)系列，種類名稱，轉(zhuǎn)速（rpm）,極數(shù)，輸出頻率，相數(shù)，和最大輸入電壓，特定功率因數(shù)下的額定功率（KVA和KW），最大輸出電壓，每相電樞，勵磁電流，最大升溫。選擇發(fā)電機(jī)時，你需要粗略了解發(fā)電機(jī)的每天工作時間。電力機(jī)組使用大型電機(jī)給干線電同供電。這兩句話具有因果關(guān)系，應(yīng)加以聯(lián)系，在加以進(jìn)行翻譯：當(dāng)外力使質(zhì)子和電子之間的平衡力遭到破壞時，原子就會增加或減少一個電子，當(dāng)電子從原子中消失時這種電子的自由移動就形成了電流。大約100年前，人類還沒有開始發(fā)電，家庭照明用的是煤油燈，食物放在冰盒里冷卻，房屋取暖靠的是燒柴或燃煤灶，電的原理漸被人知。一個原子力的電子數(shù)量通常與質(zhì)子的數(shù)量相等。所有物質(zhì)都是有原子構(gòu)成，原子油一個中心，叫做核。核子內(nèi)有些帶正電荷的粒子，稱為質(zhì)子；不帶電荷的分子稱為中子。當(dāng)外力使質(zhì)子和電子之間的平衡力遭到破壞時，原子就會增加或減少一個電子，當(dāng)電子從原子中消失時這種電子的自由移動就形成了電流。1800年中期，——他完成了他的發(fā)明——電燈泡。4 中心思想 講述什么是電，介紹電流的形成、電能的產(chǎn)生。當(dāng)你在普通分布電網(wǎng)不能到達(dá)的地方需要電力，那么馬達(dá)發(fā)電機(jī)是獲得主要電力的方便來源。和這些時間的粗略負(fù)載估計(jì)。如果正確裝配，使用，電機(jī)是很安全的，如果租用電機(jī)，一定向有名的公司租用。b)、Typical name plate data for an AC generator includes: manufacturer name, serial number and type number, speed(rpm), number of poles, frequency of output, number of phases, and maximum supply voltage, capacity rating in KVA and KW at a specified power factor and maximum output voltage, armature and field current per phase, and maximum temperature rise.“pole”：電極 “capacity rating”：額定容量發(fā)電機(jī)銘牌上的數(shù)字包括：制造商名，電機(jī)系列，種類名稱，轉(zhuǎn)速（rpm）,極數(shù)，輸出頻率，相數(shù)，和最大輸入電壓，特定功率因數(shù)下的額定功率（KVA和KW），最大輸出電壓，每相電樞、勵磁電流，最大升溫。不控整流器的設(shè)計(jì)采用二極管。在另一些應(yīng)用中，整流器為阻感性（電機(jī)）和阻容性（電源）負(fù)載供電。提高功率因數(shù)是一個很重要的設(shè)計(jì)目標(biāo)。實(shí)際使用中的逆變器既可以有一個電池，也可以有一個太陽能供電的直流電壓源或由工頻（5060HZ）轉(zhuǎn)換來的直流電壓源（通常是未調(diào)制的）。輸出變量是一個低紋波的直流電壓或直流電源。變換器的輸出變量時一個或多個低波紋直流電壓或直流電流（通常被調(diào)制的）。關(guān)鍵字：直流直流變換器出自文獻(xiàn)5：交流交流變換器從一個交流電壓或交流電流中獲取電力并傳送給負(fù)載。輸出頻率低于電源頻率的交流交流變換器叫做交流交流變頻器，交流交流變頻器的輸出頻率就是電源頻率的簡單的分?jǐn)?shù)值，比如1/3，1/5等等。b)、In other application, the rectifiers supply power to inductiveresistive (motors) and capacitiveresistive (power supplies) loads.“inductiveresistive”：阻感性 “capacitiveresistive”：阻容性在另一些應(yīng)用中，整流器為阻感性（電機(jī)）和阻容性（電源）負(fù)載供電。5 列出文獻(xiàn)，邊康莎 電力英語閱讀與翻譯 中國電力出版社 2000年 284頁 新編電力英語教程 電子工業(yè)出版社 2004年 368頁 Relays(繼電器)1 English text From reference 1 A circuit breaker is a piece of equipment which is designed to protect an electrical apparatus from damage caused by overload or short circuit. Unlike a fuse which operate once and then has to be replaced, a circuit breaker can be reset (either manually or automatically) to resume normal operation. Circuit breakers are often implemented with a solenoid (electromagnet) whose strength increases as the current increases and eventually trips the circuit breaker. Alternatively a bimetallic strip may be used which heats and bends with increased current. Some circuit breakers incorporate both techniques. This allows the properties of the circuit breaker to be tailored to suit the application, with the electromagnet generally responding to short, large surges in current (short circuit) and the bimetallic strip responding to smaller but longerterm (overload) overcurrent conditions. Circuit breakers for large currents are usually arranged with pilot devices to sense a fault current and to operate the trip opening mechanism. Under shortcircuit conditions a current of many times greater than normal can flow. When a circuit breaker are open. Circuit breakers incorporate features to divide and extinguish the arc. In airinsulated and miniature breakers an arc chute structure consisting (often) of metal plates or ceramic ridges cools the arc, and blowout coils deflect the arc into the arc chute. Larger circuit breakers such as sulfur hexafluoride or have contact immersed in oil to suppress the arc. The maximum shortcircuit current that a breaker can interrupt is determined by testing. Application of a breaker in a circuit with a higher prospective shortcircuit current may result in failure of the breaker to safely interrupt a fault.Small circuit breakers are either installed directly in equipment, or are arranged in a breaker panel. Power circuit breakers are built into switchgear cabinets. Highvoltage breakers may be freestanding outdoor equipment or a ponent of a gasinsulated switchgear lineup.Keywords：circuit breaker From reference 2 An electric switch is often o a wall near the door of a room. Two wires lead to lamp in the room. The switch is fixed in one of them. The switch can also join the two parts of the wire again。 and if this happens, the wires will get very hot. Then the house may catch fire. Fuses can stop this trouble. A fuse is only a thin wire which easily melts. It is fixed in a fuseholder. The fuseholder is made of some material which cannot burn. A large current makes the