【正文】 /，/d/后讀/id/ . waited, hated 6)形容詞和副詞的比較級(jí)　　比較級(jí) 規(guī)則一 一般加er . highhigher　　規(guī)則二 以結(jié)尾加r nicenicer　　規(guī)則三 以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾，變y為i再加er busybusier,　　規(guī)則四 重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾， 雙寫輔音字母再加er fatfatter,　　形容詞和副詞的最高級(jí)　　最高級(jí) 規(guī)則一 一般加est . highhighest　　規(guī)則二 以結(jié)尾加st nicenicet　　規(guī)則三 以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾，變y為i再加est busybusiest　　規(guī)則四 重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾， 雙寫輔音字母再加est fatfattest 7)常見縮寫：　　is=’s I am=I’m are=’re　　is not=isn’t/ iznt/ are not=aren’t /a:nt/　　do not=don’t does not=doesn’t　　was=’s did not=didn’t　　can not=can’t have=’ve　　has=’s have not=haven’t　　has not=hasn’t will=’ll　　will not=won’t shall not=shan’t 新概念一共144課，其中單課為課文，雙課為語法和練習(xí)。t+動(dòng)詞原型　　Don39。one someone anyone anything everyone　　Need doing=need to be done，表示被動(dòng)　　The flowers need watering.　　may/might do, may/might have done表示沒有任何事實(shí)依據(jù)的猜測(cè)，might的可能性更小。2)Must/have to的區(qū)別　　must 表示必須，是主觀上覺得應(yīng)該做，have to是不得不，是由于客觀條件逼迫的必要要做　　must 只能用在表示現(xiàn)在和將來的句子里，而have to do可以用在任何時(shí)態(tài)3)must, may, might表示猜測(cè)：　　直接在形容詞后加ly,　　carefulcarefully, slowslowly,　　不能加s　　some, any 修飾可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞，some用于肯定句，any用于否定句和疑問句，注意，當(dāng)期待對(duì)方的答案為肯定回答時(shí)用some　　　　Did you finish your homework yesterday?　　Did the boy go to a restaurant?　　Did the Sawyers live at King Street a year ago?　　★變否定句在主語和動(dòng)詞之間加did not　　I did not finish my homework yesterday.　　The boy did not go to a restaurant.　　The Sawyers did not live at King Street a year ago.　　★肯定回答及否定回答　　Yes, I did. No, I didn’t.　　Yes, he did. No, he didn’t.　　Yes, they did. No, they did not.4. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)　　構(gòu)成：主語+助動(dòng)詞have, has+過去分詞done　　用法：　　1) 表示過去發(fā)生的和現(xiàn)在有某種聯(lián)系的動(dòng)作，常和just, usually, already, since等時(shí)間副詞連用　　I have just had lunch. (飽了，不用再吃了)　　He has had a cup of tea.(不渴了，不用再喝)　　They have already had their holiday. (不能再度假了)　　The boy has already read the book. (已經(jīng)知道書的內(nèi)容了，不用再看了)　　2) 詢問別人是否做過某事一般用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：　　Have you finished your homework?　　Have you been to Beijing?　　Have he seen the film?　　3) 表示開始于過去并持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作　　I have lived in Beijing for twenty years.　　I have worked for this school for 1 year.　　4) 表示一種經(jīng)歷，經(jīng)驗(yàn)：去過…地方，做過…事情，經(jīng)歷過…事情　　I have never had a bath.　　I have never seen a film.　　I have never been to cinema.　　I have ever been to Paris.　　Have been to表示去過，have gone to 表示去了　　I have been to London.(人已經(jīng)回來)　　He has gone to London.(人還在那里)　　5) 表示一種結(jié)果， 一般不和時(shí)間副詞聯(lián)用　　I have lost my pen.　　I have hurt myself.　　He has bee a teacher.　　She has broken my heart.　　句型變化：　　★變疑問句將助動(dòng)詞移到句首，變否定句在助動(dòng)詞后面加not.　　. Have you lost your pen? I have not lost my pen.　　★肯定回答及否定回答　　Yes, I have. No, I have not.　　★特殊疑問句：　　What have you done?　　What has he done?　　一般過去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別：　　凡是有明確的表示過去的時(shí)間狀語的句子為過去時(shí)　　注意：有些動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作有一個(gè)終點(diǎn)，不能再延續(xù)，因此不能和表示一段時(shí)間狀語連用　　錯(cuò)：I’ve left Beijing for 3 days.　　對(duì)：I left Beijing 3 days ago. I have been away from being for 3 days. 5. 一般將來時(shí)　　表示將來將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作， 經(jīng)常和tomorrow, next year, the day after tomorrow, the year after the next, in five hours’ time, etc. 表示將來的詞聯(lián)用　　結(jié)構(gòu)： 主語+助動(dòng)詞will+動(dòng)詞原形do　　I will go to America tomorrow.　　The pilot will fly to Japan the month after the next.　　Jack will move into his new house tomorrow morning.　　★變疑問句將助動(dòng)詞移到句首　　Will you go to America tomorrow?　　Will the pilot fly to Japan the month after the next?　　Will Jack move into his new house tomorrow morning?　　★變否定句在助動(dòng)詞后面加not　　I will not go to America tomorrow.　　The pilot will not fly to Japan the month after the next.　　Jack will not move into his new house tomorrow morning　　★肯定回答及否定回答　　Yes, I will. No, I will not.　　Yes, he/she will. No, he/she will not.　　Yes, he will. No, he will not.　　★特殊疑問句：　　What will you do? 　6. 過去完成時(shí)　　用法：在過去的時(shí)間里，兩個(gè)動(dòng)作中，發(fā)生在前的哪個(gè)動(dòng)作要用過去完成時(shí)?！　oes she like him?　　Does the dog like bones?　　★變否定句在主語及動(dòng)詞之間加doesn’t, 動(dòng)詞變?yōu)樵停渲械膭?dòng)詞不再有第三人稱變化：有了助動(dòng)詞的幫助，句中動(dòng)詞變回原形！　　She doesn’t like him.　　The dog doesn’t like bones.　　★肯定回答及否定回答：　　Yes, she does. No, she doesn’t　　Yes, it does. No, it doesn’t.　　注意：第三人稱單數(shù)形式一般在動(dòng)詞后面加S，不要和名詞復(fù)數(shù)混淆，變否定句或疑問句時(shí)名詞復(fù)數(shù)沒有任何變化。 新概念一冊(cè)語法點(diǎn)匯總第一部分:時(shí)態(tài)8種一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，一般過去時(shí)，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，一般將來時(shí)，過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，過去完成時(shí)，過去將來時(shí)　　1. 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)　　表示一般性，經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作或一般性事實(shí)?！　∑渌朔Q及復(fù)數(shù)名詞　　I want to have a bath.　　We have some meat.　　The students like smart teachers.　　★變疑問句：在句首加do，句號(hào)變問號(hào)。　　結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+助動(dòng)詞had+過去分詞done　　After she had finished her homework, she went shopping.　　They had sold the car before I asked the price.　　The train had left before I arrived at the station.　　After/before引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句放在句首要在句子后面加逗號(hào)，如果放在主句后則不用加。 many修飾可數(shù)名詞，much修飾不可數(shù)名詞，在口語中表示很多一般不用many, much, 而用a lot of, 在否定句中表示很多用many, much.　　I have a lot of money. I don’t have much money. 11 名詞：種類，復(fù)數(shù)，名詞所有格　　和單數(shù)be動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞搭配2)可數(shù)名詞：　　單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞要用冠詞修飾，復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞要在名詞后面加s,名詞復(fù)數(shù)共有以下幾