【正文】 As is shown/ demonstrated/ illustrated/ depicted/ described… in the cartoon/ picture/ graph/ table…, There are many reasons why I want to study in your university. It is estimated that tens of billions of pounds spent on cigarettes every year in our country, which is a huge waste.4）狀語(yǔ)從句（時(shí)間，原因，地點(diǎn)，條件，讓步，轉(zhuǎn)折when, since, because, if, though, before等）When the man is enjoying the cigarette, the smoke bees a monster （怪物） which will devour him. Whatever the reason, there are still some problems with student use of puters.5）分詞短語(yǔ)做定語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)Prof. Kang came to our university, giving us a lecture on how to acquire English better.6）倒裝句 （only, neither, nor, at no time, in no case)Only through these measures can we hope to solve the problem. Scattered around the globe are more than 100 small regions of isolated volcanic activity known to geologists as hot spots.7）被動(dòng)句Some measures should be taken to deal with the problem. He is said to have acplished a lot of great deeds. Many people believe that…（It is believed that…）8）強(qiáng)調(diào)句 It is not who rules us that is important , but how he rules us. 9) 省略句 If so, we have to give it up. If necessary... Whatever the reason.. 10) What句型 We totally agree with what you have just said. 11) 設(shè)問(wèn)句 Do you still remember the boy who cried wolf for several times so no one would trust him?） It pays to help others.　28) Due to/Owing to/Thanks to　…?。ㄒ?yàn)?..）　Thanks　to　his　encouragement,　I　finally　realized　my　dream. 29)不定式、動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)To know something about English is one thing。1.不久,然后,as4.5.最后，終于sameimmediately目前sincebegin首先case2.舉例來(lái)講(instance)thing…foronthe（相異觀點(diǎn)）6.to換句話說(shuō)inthird)ansuch2. wordsterms=in=thatismoreadditionally=besidesalsoasprovided/providing3.condition5.6.unlessaboveanywaycase無(wú)論如何a實(shí)際上4.specificallyonobviously于是,aConsequently(since,due6.now既然…8.因此,althoughyet然而,tothein盡管…7.hand…on/on2.differmonwithsame1.runtheabove尤其largeinabriefconclusionsummary=to1.…befortoeyes/opiniontowhen當(dāng)談到…的時(shí)候itall,…正如大家所知道的2.it,proverbsaid/reported/predicted/believedsomeothersfigureshowstheincan由圖表可知…4.that…inthererise/declinefromitthat…從這兩個(gè)圖表中，可以推斷…寧可累死在路上，也不能閑死在家里！寧可去碰壁，也不能面壁。能干的人，不在情緒上計(jì)較，只在做事上認(rèn)真；無(wú)能的人！不在做事上認(rèn)真，只在情緒上計(jì)較。什么是奮斗？奮斗就是每天很難，可一年一年卻越來(lái)越容易。betwo正如圖一所示，…有緩慢/急劇的上升/下降。a1/FigureAsfigureseentable/chart,accordingthethat…有人認(rèn)為…但是另一些人認(rèn)為…1. hold/claim/think據(jù)說(shuō)/據(jù)報(bào)道/據(jù)預(yù)測(cè)/據(jù)信itassbknown1. esthat…在某人看來(lái)，似乎…itin關(guān)于；至于3.就…而言2.farup8.short7.總而言之一句話6.總而言之4.by最重要的。runthe相似地inin與…不同4.to/withcontrarybyothertheof與…相對(duì)照；與…相反5.inneverthelessbut,9.…所以，因此to=becausefor)4.因此2.accordingly相應(yīng)地。noaccount尤其；特別particular=especiallyofinin最重要,(that)4.though=evenProvided that表示如果含有希望該條件實(shí)現(xiàn)的含義；Provided that your source code is versioned properly, you should be able to recreate any previous release through the build process倘若你的源代碼很好地得到了版本控制，那么通過(guò)構(gòu)建過(guò)程你能夠重新生成任何版本的產(chǎn)品?！璦salso=toonotinfurthermore=moreover=就是,to簡(jiǎn)而言之3.simplyinin…example第一（二、三）9.firstfirstly…secondly…thirdly…finally即,=thathandone(相似觀點(diǎn))forforanpoint1. start自從那時(shí)起11.recentlypresently同時(shí)meantime=atlastfirstas2.a separate… from… divide… from…tell…from…(們)所知As far as we know,As is known to all,As we all know,As far as I’m concerned result in result from cause lead to8. 阻止 prevent sb. from doing sth. stop sb. from doing sth. inhibit sb. from doing sth. discourage sb. from doing sth. forbid sb. to do sth. critical, essential, vital, crucial, significantIt is …to do sth.10. 減少 diminish, decrease, reduce, cut down cut back on, decline, eliminate11. 盡管 despite that, in spite of, although, though 12. 作用contribute to affectplay a part in13. 關(guān)于，鑒于，由于with regard toin view ofwith a view toconcerningconsidering14. 以免、唯恐 lest for fear that +虛擬語(yǔ)氣 in case that in case of +名詞短語(yǔ)15. 對(duì)比 in contrast, by contrast, in contrast with, by contrast with in parison